Conversion of agricultural biomass into valuable biochar and their competence on soil fertility enrichment

An overview of biochar production techniques and application in iron and steel industries

“…The creation of biochar offers an exceptional chance for the steel industry to apply circular economy principles. Biochar can be created as a usable product using biomass waste, such as wood scraps and agricultural wastes, for steel-making purposes (Dermawan et al 2022 ; Selvarajoo et al 2022 ; Tan 2023 ). This reduces the price of waste/residue disposal while simultaneously optimizing resource use and promoting economic models that are driven by sustainability.…”

“… Reducing agent: Biochar can be used as a reducing agent as a substitute for conventional carbon-based sources like coal (Dermawan et al 2022 ; Selvarajoo et al 2022 ; Tan 2023 ). It can serve as a reducing agent in direct reduction or blast furnace iron-making to convert iron oxides into metallic iron.…”

“…Specifically, the study underscores biochar’s potential as a sustainable fertilizer. Reports also showed that biochar enriches the soil, shields microorganisms from unfavorable conditions, and influences soil pH and microbial community activity, thereby sustainably enhancing agricultural productivity (Osman et al 2022 ; Tan 2023 ). A detailed review has examined the potential of converting biomass waste into biochar with improved nutritional qualities for agricultural applications (Tan 2023 ).…”

“…Reports also showed that biochar enriches the soil, shields microorganisms from unfavorable conditions, and influences soil pH and microbial community activity, thereby sustainably enhancing agricultural productivity (Osman et al 2022 ; Tan 2023 ). A detailed review has examined the potential of converting biomass waste into biochar with improved nutritional qualities for agricultural applications (Tan 2023 ). The report showed that biochar enhances the physico-chemical characteristics of soil, aiding in the retention of minerals and water, and thereby boosting soil fertility.…”

“…Employing biochar for iron and steel production holds considerable attraction, especially for nations endowed with ample and sustainable biomass resources (Ye et al 2019 ; Zaini et al 2023 ). This is underpinned by its renewable nature, widespread availability, and versatile applicability (Hamidzadeh et al 2023 ; Tan 2023 ). Pursuing sustainable industrial practices incorporating innovation and environmental responsibility has recently become popular (Chang et al 2023 ; Simmou et al 2023 ).…”