Conversion of dry leaves into hydrochar through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)

Saqib, Najam Ul; Oh, Minah; Jo, Woori; Park, Seong-Kyu; Jai-Young, Lee

doi:10.1007/s10163-015-0371-1

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This increase in higher heating value of the hydrochars with increase in processing time is consistent with previous report [29]. The highest HHV in this study showed an increase of 55.5 % when compared to that of the starting material, against 39 % previously reported for loblolly pine [29], 45.20 % for bamboo [30], and 21 % for dry leaves [31]. As stated earlier, dehydration, decarboxylation, and condensation reactions are associated with hydrothermal carbonization process.…”

Section: Energy Properties Of the Prepared Hydrocharssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This leads to the carbonization of the starting material and consequently results in energy densification, which is used to measure the effectiveness of the hydrothermal carbonization processes [32,33]. In this study, energy densification ratios of the hydrochars (Table 1) increased with increase in reaction time and ranged from 1.23 to 1.55, which is consistent with previous reports [29,31].…”

Section: Energy Properties Of the Prepared Hydrocharssupporting

confidence: 90%

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Chemical, structural and energy properties of hydrochars from microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of glucose

Elaigwu

Greenway

2016

Int J Ind Chem

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Hydrothermal carbonization has been used as a green and effective technique for the preparation of hydrochars from simple carbohydrates, such as glucose. The chemical and structural properties of hydrochars prepared from glucose have been studied. However, the energy properties of hydrochars prepared from microwaveassisted hydrothermal carbonization of glucose have not been studied. Thus, in this study, microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of glucose, and the energy properties of the prepared hydrochars are reported. The preparation involved heating glucose in de-ionized water at 200°C for 5-60 min in a microwave oven. The prepared hydrochars were characterized using scanning electron microscope, nitrogen sorption measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental (CHN) analyzer, and nuclear magnetic resonance, and their energy properties studied. The result indicated that, in comparison with previous studies using the classical hydrothermal carbonization process, this approach reduced the processing time greatly from hours to 45 min, while the increase in higher heating value of the hydrochar when compared to that of the starting material was higher in this study than some value previously reported.

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Section: Energy Properties Of the Prepared Hydrocharssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Energy Properties Of the Prepared Hydrocharssupporting

confidence: 90%

Chemical, structural and energy properties of hydrochars from microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of glucose

Elaigwu

Greenway

2016

Int J Ind Chem

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“…Table 1 illustrates the CHNOS analysis of the precursors (HC and LFP) along with the synthesized sample at different temperatures. A progressive increase in temperature during the HTC process raised the carbon content of a sample, but decreased the oxygen and hydrogen content [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. The H/C and O/C ratios decreased after carbonization at higher temperatures for both of the samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Temperature on the Physical, Electro-Chemical and Adsorption Properties of Carbon Micro-Spheres Using Hydrothermal Carbonization Process

et al. 2018

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This research deals with the effect of the temperature on the physical, thermal, electrochemical, and adsorption properties of the carbon micro-spheres using hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). Until recently, limited research has been conducted regarding the effects of delignification during the HTC process of biomass residues especially Dimocarpus longan. In this regard, lignin was first extracted from the lingo-cellulosic waste of Longan fruit peel (Dimocarpus longan). The holocellulose (HC) separated from lignin and raw biomass substrates (Longan fruit exocarp/peel powder, LFP) were carbonized at different temperatures using water as the green catalyst. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was performed for both of the samples (LFP and HC) at 200 °C, 250 °C, and 300 °C for 24 h each. The surface morphological structures, the porosity, and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of the prepared micro-spherical carbon were determined. The BET surface areas obtained for HC-based carbon samples were lower than that of the raw LFP based carbon samples. The carbon obtained was characterized using ultimate and proximate analyses. The surface morphological features and phase transformation of the synthesized micro-spherical carbon was characterized by a field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results demonstrated that the extraction of lignin could significantly alter the end properties of the synthesized carbon sample. The carbon spheres derived from LFP showed a higher carbon content than the HC-based carbon. The absence of lignin in the holo-cellulose (HC) made it easy to disintegrate in comparison to the raw, LFP-based carbon samples during the HTC process. The carbonaceous samples (LFP-300 and HC-300) prepared at 300 °C were selected and their adsorption performance for Pb (II) cations was observed using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin linear isotherm models. At 30 °C, the equilibrium data followed the Langmuir isotherm model more than the Freundlich and Temkin model for both the LFP-300 sample and the HC-300 sample. The potential of the synthesized carbon microspheres were further analyzed by thermodynamic characterizations of the adsorption equilibrium system.

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“…The carbon content of the samples increased progressively after the hydrothermal carbonization and activation process. However, the hydrogen and oxygen contents showed decreasing trends after the consecutive treatments of carbonization and activation (Saqib et al 2015). The decrease in H/O and O/C ratios became noticeable after activation and carbonization due to the decarboxylation reaction and the aromatization processes occurring during these processes (Liu and Guo 2015).…”

Section: Fig 1 Sem Micrographs Of (A) Rs (B) Rsc and (C) Rsacmentioning

confidence: 97%

Equilibrium Isotherm, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies of Divalent Cation Adsorption onto Calamus gracilis Sawdust-Based Activated Carbon

Adebisi¹,

Chowdhury²,

Hamid³

et al. 2017

BioResources

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Activated carbon (RSAC) was prepared using the two steps of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and chemical activation from the sawdust of Calamus gracilis, commonly known as Rattan (RS). The HTC process was carried out using a Teflon-lined autoclave to produce hydrochar, followed by chemical activation using phosphoric acid (H3PO4). The highest removal percentage obtained for lead, Pb(II), and zinc, Zn(II), cations were 86.71% and 64.26%, respectively, using the initial adsorbate concentration of 350 mg/L at 30 °C. These values strongly indicated the promising adsorption potential of the newly prepared hydrochar-based activated carbon (RSAC) for the better management of industrial wastewater and effluents. The analysis of the equilibrium sorption data revealed that these adsorptions followed the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The prepared carbon (RSCAC) showed enhanced surface area with porous texture, which could effectively aid for elimination of Pb(II) and Zn(II) cations from waste water.

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Conversion of dry leaves into hydrochar through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

Chemical, structural and energy properties of hydrochars from microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of glucose

Chemical, structural and energy properties of hydrochars from microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of glucose

Effect of Temperature on the Physical, Electro-Chemical and Adsorption Properties of Carbon Micro-Spheres Using Hydrothermal Carbonization Process

Equilibrium Isotherm, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies of Divalent Cation Adsorption onto Calamus gracilis Sawdust-Based Activated Carbon

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