Conversion of ethanol to hydrocarbons on hierarchical HZSM-5 zeolites

Role of Calcination Temperature on the Hydrotalcite Derived MgO–Al2O3 in Converting Ethanol to Butanol

“…The overall ethanol production is anticipated to reach greater than 30 billion gallons in 2017 and beyond [1]. Due to the ethanol blending limitation in gasoline and advancements in conversion technologies, ethanol is expected to be in surplus in future years [2][3][4]. Technologies are already available for the conversion of ethanol to higher value compounds, such as hydrogen and acetaldehyde, to utilize the surplus ethanol [5,6].…”

Zeolite catalysts in upgrading of bioethanol to fuels range hydrocarbons: A review

“…In addition to the 1040 generation of new mesopores, treatment with NaOH reduces the 1041 concentration of very strong acid sites with high susceptibility to 1042 rapid deactivation [170][171][172]. Ramasamy and co-workers [173] 1043 prepared conventional and hierarchical nano-size forms of two H-1044 ZSM-5 zeolites with Si/Al 2 ratios of 40 and 140 using an earlier 1045 procedure adopted by Zhu et al [174]. The mesopore volumes of 1046 the conventional H-ZSM-5 (Si/Al 2 = 40) and H-ZSM-5 (Si/Al 2 = 140) 1047 catalysts were 0.11 and 0.12 mL/g compared to 0.37 and 0.35 mL/g 1048 for the corresponding mesoporous forms, respectively.…”

In situ fast pyrolysis of biomass with zeolite catalysts for bioaromatics/gasoline production: A review

“…While the conventional catalyst decayed within 50 h, the hierarchical catalysts were stable for up to 90 h. Although a similar conversion (i.e., 99%) was achieved using any catalyst, the hierarchical catalysts produced 40-49% propylene selectivity compared to the 35% obtained with the conventional catalyst under similar conditions. Ramasamy and co-workers [212] upgraded ethanol into hydrocarbon compounds at a temperature of 360°C and 7.9 h À1 using hierarchical and conventional H-ZSM-5 catalysts with the same acidic properties. The hierarchical catalysts were characterized by a 0.35-0.37 mL/g pore volume compared to the 0.11 mL/g pore volume of the conventional catalyst.…”