Conversion of Lignocellulosics Pretreated with Liquid Hot Water to Ethanol

Walsum, G. Peter van; Allen, Stephen G.; Spencer, Mark J.; Laser, Mark; Antal, Michael Jerry; Lynd, Lee R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-0223-3_14

Cited by 60 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For example, comminution to particle sizes of 1-2 mm, which is necessary for biochemical conversion [6], fast pyrolysis [7] or gasification [8], not only generates new surface area for improved heat transfer and microorganism access [9], but it also releases dissolved organic components [10] and opens material structures that impede microbial and acid attack [9,11]. For example, comminution to particle sizes of 1-2 mm, which is necessary for biochemical conversion [6], fast pyrolysis [7] or gasification [8], not only generates new surface area for improved heat transfer and microorganism access [9], but it also releases dissolved organic components [10] and opens material structures that impede microbial and acid attack [9,11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing hammer mill performance through screen selection and hammer design

Yancey¹,

Wright

Westover

2013

Biofuels

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Background: Mechanical preprocessing, which includes particle-size reduction and mechanical separation, is one of the primary operations in the feedstock supply system for a lignocellulosic biorefinery. It is the means by which raw biomass from the field or forest is mechanically transformed into an on-spec feedstock with characteristics better suited for the fuel conversion process. Results: This work provides a general overview of the objectives and methodologies of mechanical preprocessing and then presents experimental results illustrating improved size reduction via optimization of hammer mill configuration, improved size reduction via pneumatic-assisted hammer milling and improved control of particle size and particle-size distribution through proper selection of grinder process parameters. Conclusion: Optimal grinder configuration for maximal process throughput and efficiency is strongly dependent on feedstock type and properties, such as moisture content. Tests conducted using a HG200 hammer grinder indicate that tip speed, screen size and optimizing hammer geometry can increase grinder throughput as much as 400%.

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confidence: 99%

Optimizing hammer mill performance through screen selection and hammer design

Yancey¹,

Wright

Westover

2013

Biofuels

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“…Compared specifically with acid hydrolysis, autohydrolysis induces low by‐product generation, high pentosan recovery, limited equipment corrosion problems, and reduced operational costs since further neutralization can be omitted. For that reason, the hydrothermal process can be considered an eco‐friendly fractionation technology, leading to the separation of hemicelluloses from the remaining structural components of the feedstock 14–19…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Pentacoordinate Chiral Phosphorus Compounds in Solution by Using Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory

Yang

Hou

et al. 2010

Chemistry A European J

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Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopic measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to obtain the absolute structural information about four sets of diastereomers of pentacoordinate spirophosphoranes derived separately from l- (or d-) valine and l- (or d-) leucine for the first time. Each compound contains three stereogenic centers: one at the phosphorus center and two at the amino acid ligands. Extensive conformational searches for the compounds have been carried out and their vibrational absorption (VA) and VCD spectra have been simulated at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level. Although both VA and VCD spectra are highly sensitive to the structural variation of the apical axis, that is, the O-P-O or N-P-O arrangement, the rotamers generated by the aliphatic amino side chains show little effect on both. The dominant experimental VCD features in the 1100-1500 cm(-1) region were found to be controlled by the chirality at the phosphorus center, whereas those at the C=O stretching region are determined by the chirality of the amino acid ligands. The good agreement between the experimental VA and VCD spectra in CDCl(3) solution and the simulated ones allows us to assign the absolute configurations of these pentacoordinate phosphorus compounds with high confidence. This study shows that the VCD spectroscopy complemented with DFT calculations is a powerful and reliable method for determining the absolute configurations and dominating conformers of synthetic phosphorus coordination complexes in solution.

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“…The objective of biomass pretreatment is to alter the structure of the lignocellulosic matrix to increase cellulose digestibility using cellulase enzymes, which can be done by removing lignin, hemicelluloses, or a combination of the two. Several processes have been developed for pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse, including steam explosion,3, 4 liquid hot water process,5 acid hydrolysis,6 alkali pretreatment7 and wet oxidation 1. All of these processes enhance the enzymatic digestibility of bagasse to some extent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of several factors on peracetic acid pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for enzymatic hydrolysis

Zhao

Wang

Liu

2007

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

126

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BACKGROUND: Lignocellulose should undergo pretreatment to enhance its enzymatic digestibility before being saccharified. Peracetic acid (PAA) is a strong oxidant that can remove lignin under mild conditions. The sulfuric acid in the PAA solution also can cause degradation of hemicelluloses. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of several factors on peracetic acid pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse.

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Conversion of Lignocellulosics Pretreated with Liquid Hot Water to Ethanol

Cited by 60 publications

References 37 publications

Optimizing hammer mill performance through screen selection and hammer design

Optimizing hammer mill performance through screen selection and hammer design

Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Pentacoordinate Chiral Phosphorus Compounds in Solution by Using Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory

Effect of several factors on peracetic acid pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for enzymatic hydrolysis

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