Conversion of South African Coal Fly Ash into High-Purity ZSM-5 Zeolite without Additional Source of Silica or Alumina and Its Application as a Methanol-to-Olefins Catalyst

Missengue, Roland; Losch, Pit; Musyoka, Nicholas M.; Louis, Benoît; Pale, Patrick; Petrik, Leslie

doi:10.3390/catal8040124

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Besides natural minerals, the residue of natural resources containing silicon or aluminum has also attracted a lot of attention. Missengue et al [24] synthesized ZSM-5 zeolites with a very high purity using South African coal fly ash as the sole precursor. Liu et al also reported that zeolite P1 could be synthesized from fluidized bed fly ash [25].…”

Section: Sustainability Of Raw Materials For Zeolite Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Green Synthesis of Microporous and Hierarchical Zeolites: A Short Review

Pan

Yip

2019

Catalysts

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Hierarchical zeolites have been extensively studied due to their enhancement of intra-crystalline diffusion, which leads to the improved catalytic activity and resistance to coking-deactivation. Traditional synthesis strategies of hierarchical zeolites via post-treatment or directing synthesis with the aid of mesoporous template are often characterized by high energy consumption and substantial use of expensive and environmentally unfriendly organic templates. In the recent decade, new green synthesis protocols have been developed for the effective synthesis of conventional and hierarchical zeolites. In this review, the latest advancements on the green synthesis of hierarchical zeolites are summarized and discussed in detail.

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Section: Sustainability Of Raw Materials For Zeolite Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Green Synthesis of Microporous and Hierarchical Zeolites: A Short Review

Pan

Yip

2019

Catalysts

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“…Other applications include CFA utilisation for mine back-filling, as well as agricultural remediation of soil and water treatment using modified CFA [17,23]. Another major area of research in CFA valorisation is the production of value-added, porous materials such as zeolites (i.e., zeolitisation) as well as metal extraction/recovery [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. As South Africa is largely reliant on coal for energy production [15], CFA research and the development of various CFA valorisation technologies remain major priorities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was reported that the glassy, aluminosilicate phase of CFA contained the majority of the REE content and a process involving size classification, magnetic separation and hydrothermal treatment was proposed as a method of enriching the REE content of CFA [42]. Zeolitisation is a common method utilised in the transformation of the Si and Al content in CFA into a crystalline, porous material with high industrial value [24][25][26][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. The distributional fate of elements found in CFA during the process of zeolitisation by two different methods (a two-step process and solid fusion-assisted process) was previously reported in literature [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Behaviour of Rare Earth Elements from South African Coal Fly Ash during Enrichment Processes: Wet, Magnetic Separation and Zeolitisation

et al. 2021

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Rare earth elements (REEs) are essential raw materials in a variety of industries including clean energy technologies such as electric vehicles and wind turbines. This places an ever-increasing demand on global rare earth element production. Coal fly ash (CFA) possesses appreciable levels of REEs. CFA, a waste by-product of coal combustion, is therefore a readily available source of REEs that does not require mining. CFA valorisation to zeolites has been achieved via various synthesis pathways. This study aimed to evaluate one such pathway by monitoring how REEs partition during CFA processing by the wet, magnetic separation process and zeolitisation. South African CFA was subjected to wet, magnetic separation and subsequent zeolitisation of the nonmagnetic fraction (NMF); solid products were characterised by XRD, SEM, XRF and LA-ICP-MS. The wet, magnetic separation process resulted in the partitioning of a specific set of transition metals (such as Fe, Mn, Cr, V, Ni, Zn, Cu, Co and Mo) into the magnetic fraction (MF) of CFA, while REEs partitioned into the NMF with a total REE content of 530.2 ppm; thus, the matrix elements of CFA were extracted with ease. Zeolitisation resulted in a solid zeolite product (hydroxysodalite) with a total REE content of 537.6 ppm. The process of zeolitisation also resulted in the selective enrichment of Ce (259.1 ppm) into the solid zeolite product (hydroxysodalite), while other REEs were largely partitioned into the liquid phase. CFA valorisation by wet, magnetic separation and zeolitisation therefore allowed for the partitioning of REEs into various extraction products while recovering the matrix elements of CFA such as Fe, Si and Al. The findings of this study highlight the geopolitical importance of REEs in terms of the development of alternative processes for REE recovery from waste and alternative sources, which may potentially give countries that employ and develop the technology a key advantage in the production of REEs for the global market.

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“…In addition, the synthetic zeolite from FA was widely used to treat gaseous pollutants such as sulfur dioxide [18], nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrous oxide, and carbon monoxide [19]. At present, there are many reports about the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite from FA [20][21][22][23][24]. ZSM-5 has high Si/Al ratio and is hydrophobic, and it has good affinity for organic compounds in wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite from fly ash and its adsorption of phenol, quinoline and indole in aqueous solution

Liu

2020

Mater. Res. Express

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This work tries to synthesize ZSM-5 zeolite using fly ash (FA) by hydrothermal method and study the adsorption effect of the zeolite on phenol, quinoline and indole in aqueous solution. The zeolites were characterized with x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) and N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherm. The characterization results showed that HZSM-5 zeolite was successfully synthesized. The higher mass ratio of sodium carbonate to fly ash during melting is beneficial to improve the purity of ZSM-5 zeolite and its removal rate of organic matters. These results have been confirmed by XRD and principal component analysis (PCA). The adsorption process of phenol, quinoline and indole in aqueous can be well described with the double exponential kinetic model. The adsorption capacity of ZSM-5 zeolite for phenol, quinoline and indoles can be up to 24.41 mg g −1 , 35.99 mg l −1 and 34.05 mg g −1 respectively, and the removal rates can reach up to 82.80%, 84.86% and 83.20% respectively. The optimal pH value for adsorption ranges from 5 to 7.

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Conversion of South African Coal Fly Ash into High-Purity ZSM-5 Zeolite without Additional Source of Silica or Alumina and Its Application as a Methanol-to-Olefins Catalyst

Cited by 19 publications

References 46 publications

Advances in the Green Synthesis of Microporous and Hierarchical Zeolites: A Short Review

Advances in the Green Synthesis of Microporous and Hierarchical Zeolites: A Short Review

The Behaviour of Rare Earth Elements from South African Coal Fly Ash during Enrichment Processes: Wet, Magnetic Separation and Zeolitisation

Synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite from fly ash and its adsorption of phenol, quinoline and indole in aqueous solution

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