Conversion of the refractory ammonia and acetic acid in catalytic wet air oxidation of animal byproducts

Extended study of ammonia conversion to N2 using a Ru/0.2TiZrO4 catalyst via catalytic wet air oxidation

“…Taking into account the continuous increase in NH 3 -N removal, a further reaction is proposed (eqn ( 10)) in which the nitrate ions react with the abundant NH 4 + in a solution and finally forms N 2 as the product since NO x was negligible under such conditions. 13,14 However, the P-T curve of the reaction between NH 4 + and NO 3 − was almost the same as Fig. 11(a) (not shown here), which suggests that this reaction could not occur at temperatures under 218 °C without a catalyst.…”

“…Although NO 2 − was always observed in the studies for CWAO products of ammonia under both alkaline or acid conditions, 5,14,16,[25][26][27][28] the excess of the reaction substrate (NH 4 +…”

“…[11][12][13] However, no consensus has been reached on the most active and selective catalyst for ammonia abatement. Platinum has been reported as the superior active component in some studies and revealed the best selectivity, 13,14 whereas other reports have shown that Ru catalysts have the best performance in the ammonia oxidation reaction. 12,15,16 In addition, the researchers still remain divided on the reaction pathway of N 2 formation.…”

Progress in the Design of Cooperative Heterogeneous Catalytic Materials for C–C Bond Formation

“…In the past decade many researchers have extensively synthesized and developed MOF‐based materials for adsorption and separation . More recently, focus has shifted toward the study of MOF materials as heterogeneous catalysts for various eco‐friendly reactions .…”

Síntesis y caracterización de catalizadores Rh y Rh-Au soportados en TiO2-CeO2 para la oxidación vía húmeda de contaminantes orgánicos

“…Empleado catalizadores de metales nobles (Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru) soportado sobre alúmina. Se encontró que los catalizadores de Ru, Pt y Rh tenían efectos significativos en la eliminación por carbón orgánico total (95,1 %, 99,5 % y 96,7 %, respectivamente) y en la reducción de amoníaco (93,4 %, 96,7 % y 96,3 %, respectivamente), con alta selectividad de nitrógeno [61]. Tiempo atrás se creía que el oro no presentaba actividad catalítica, esto es cierto para partículas muy grandes, sin embargo, Haruta et al [62] [63] sintetizó nanopartículas de oro; mostrando que estas presentan actividad.…”