Conversion of waste‐soap and soap‐like materials into diesel and gasoline by catalytic pyrolysis using virgin soap as model

Abstract

In this work, soap was converted into a hydrocarbon‐rich product through catalytic pyrolysis using cement as a catalyst. The intention was to develop a new economical and effective method for preparing diesel and gasoline from soap waste in food processing. The optimum conditions for pyrolysis were investigated in a batch process under static conditions at different reactor temperatures, catalyst amounts, and reaction durations. The resulting oil product was analyzed using GC‐FID, GC‐MS, and FTIR. The best yield occurred at a reaction temperature of 400 °C for 60 min with 0.3 g/g (30 mass%) catalyst in soap waste, which resulted in 0.71 g/g (71 mass%) hydrocarbons with small fractions of pyran, ketone, and oxygenated compounds of mixed functional groups. The resulting liquid pyrolysate mainly consisted of diesel‐like oil with a small fraction of gasoline and some oils that had boiling‐point temperature ranges similar to kerosene.

Production of Highly Upgraded Bio-oils through Two-Step Catalytic Pyrolysis of Water Hyacinth

“…The catalytic pyrolysis of fresh, putrefied, and microbe treated biomass was investigated in the range of 200–600 °C using a clinkered brick powder as catalyst. It has been reported that a change in temperature significantly effects the relative amount of each of the oil, gas, and char or residue fraction. , Earlier workers reported larger quantities of the char at temperatures lower than 400 °C; however, at higher temperatures, a large amount of the gas was produced. Similar results are reported in the presented work.…”

“…Our research group considers the cost, availability, and effectiveness of both the biomass and catalyst. We have previously reported upgraded bio-oils produced by the catalytic pyrolysis of the water hyacinth using cement as a catalyst . Cement is a low cost clinkered material having solid oxides and reactive pores.…”

“…We have previously reported upgraded bio-oils produced by the catalytic pyrolysis of the water hyacinth using cement as a catalyst. 25 Cement is a low cost clinkered material having solid oxides and reactive pores. The same catalyst was also used in catalytic pyrolysis of pretreated spirogyra and wasted soap.…”