Conversion ratios for opioid switching: a pragmatic study

Abstract

Background: The nal conversion ratios among opioids used for successful switching are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the initial and nal conversion ratios used for a successful opioid switching in cancer patients, and eventual associated factors.Methods: Ninety-ve patients who were successfully switched were evaluated. The following data were collected: age, gender, Karnofsky performance score, primary cancer, cognitive function, the presence of neuropathic, and incident pain. Opioids, route of administration, and their doses expressed in oral morphine equivalents used before OS, were recorded as well as opioids use for starting opioid switching, and at time of stabilization. Physical and psychological symptoms were routinely evaluated by Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale.Results: No statistical changes were observed between the initial conversion ratios and those achieved at time of stabilization for all the sequences of opioid switching. When considering patients switched to methadone, there was no association between factors taken into considerations.Conclusion: Opioid switching is a highly effective and safe technique, improving analgesia and reducing the opioid-related symptom burden. The nal conversion ratios were not different from those used for starting opioid switching. Patients receiving higher doses of opioids should be carefully monitored for individual and unexpected responses in an experienced palliative care unit, particularly those switched to methadone. Future studies should provide data regarding the pro le of patients with di cult pain to be hospitalized.