Conversión y transmisión de capital en un contexto migratorio: etnografía con familias migrantes en Chile

Abstract

The article aims to analyze the different strategies of conversion and transmission of cultural capital that parents use in the family structure to provide immigrant children the tools that allow them to face problems associated with the migration process. Following the capital concept in their different states, this research is oriented to analyze through the families’ daily life how its members transmit cultural capital to the children in the host country. This research uses a qualitative methodology, including interviews and ethnographic fieldwork, to obtain data and information about Latin American migrant families living in Santiago, Chile. The findings show differences not only in capital transmission strategies but also in the conversions that precede them.

Home as the Third Place: Stories of movement among immigrant caregivers in an intercultural Chilean city

“…Migration is a salient condition that highlights both the diversity of childrearing because of the difference in cultural origins (i.e., country of origin and the host country) and the challenges of childrearing given new physical and cultural contexts (Ochocka & Janzen, 2008). Ethnographic research has revealed tensions in caregivers’ experiences regarding adaptation of traditional notions of a “good caregiver” (Oliveira, 2018), socialization of children in the values and discourses of both their places of origin and their new setting (Landeros, 2020; Naidu, 2013), and limitations of language which breed experiences of isolation (Yax‐Fraser, 2011). In addition, one concept that has especially contributed to the understanding and exploration of childrearing in migratory conditions is transnationalism (Tedeschi et al., 2020), which focuses on the “processes by which immigrants build social fields that link their country of origin and their country of settlement… Transmigrants develop and maintain multiple family, economic, social, organizational, religious and political relationships that cross borders” (Schiller et al., 1992, 1).…”

“…According to the Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Chile (2022), the most frequents countries of origin for immigrants in Chile were Venezuela (30.0%), Perú (16.6%), Haití (12.2%), Colombia (11.7%), and Bolivia (8.9%). Immigrants to Chile settle in various local contexts and represent a heterogeneous group with diverse cultural backgrounds; therefore, their childrearing practices and goals differ across groups and locations (Landeros, 2020; Sánchez et al. 2018).…”

“…According to the Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Chile (2022), the most frequents countries of origin for immigrants in Chile were Venezuela (30.0%), Perú (16.6%), Haití (12.2%), Colombia (11.7%), and Bolivia (8.9%). Immigrants to Chile settle in various local contexts and represent a heterogeneous group with diverse cultural backgrounds; therefore, their childrearing practices and goals differ across groups and locations (Landeros, 2020;Sánchez et al 2018). In addition, as Ochocka and Janzen (2008) have noted, various ecological contextual factors shape childrearing in migratory contexts, including presence or lack of social support networks, and economic hardship (Ochocka & Janzen, 2008).…”

Negociaciones en la puesta en escena del país de origen. Un estudio transnacional sobre restaurantes extranjeros en Gran Valparaíso, Chile

“…En Chile, buena parte de los estudios sobre migraciones se han focalizado hasta ahora en el análisis de la condición migrante, en la necesidad de crear políticas públicas desde un enfoque de derechos y en las consecuencias de una inclusión socioeconómica precarizada (Thayer, Córdova y Ávalos, 2013;Doña-Reveco y Mullan, 2014;Navarrete-Yáñez, 2017;Doña-Reveco, 2016;Torres Matus, 2019;Stefoni y Stang, 2017;Baeza Virgilio, 2019). En el ámbito transnacional, autoras y autores han aportado teorías sobre la reconfiguración de los espacios de tránsito y destino a través de aproximaciones etnográficas, poniendo en el centro las experiencias de personas migrantes, sus interacciones y la articulación simultánea de aspectos económicos, sociales y simbólicos que las encausan (Bonhomme, 2021;Ramírez et al, 2021;Riquelme Gómez y Tapia Ladino, 2020;Landeros, 2020;Imilan Ojeda, Márquez Belloni y Stefoni Espinoza, 2015;Stefoni, 2015).…”