Converter Meets Distance Protection: A Good Match?

Kleemann, Michael; Baeckeland, Nathan

doi:10.23919/epe21ecceeurope50061.2021.9570424

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…where the approximation follows from recognizing that for typical values of L i , R i , and ω i , K cc P ≫ R i (see (3)). We will also find that P ≈ 1.…”

Section: A Approximation For Current-loop Transfer Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…L ARGE-SCALE integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) with the power grid has sparked several concerns spanning stability, security, and protection [1]- [3]. A majority of IBRs interfaced with the grid today are of the gridfollowing (GFL) type, wherein, the inverter synchronizes to (and follows) the grid voltage using a phase-locked loop and injects a specified amount of active and reactive power [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stationary-Frame Grid-Forming Inverter Control Architectures for Unbalanced Fault-Current Limiting

Baeckeland

Venkatramanan

Kleemann

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Energy Convers.

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Grid-forming (GFM) control offers promising performance features for inverter-based resources (IBRs) across scales. However, design, analysis, and benchmarking of GFM IBRs during unbalanced faults remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we outline a stationary-reference-frame nested-loop control architecture for GFM IBRs and integrate the same with novel current-limiting strategies. The architecture improves on virtual-impedance and current-reference-saturation limiting as well as state-of-the-art methods for control of voltage-source inverters. Electromagnetic-transient simulations for a modified IEEE 14-bus network validate salient features of the proposed control architectures. The proposed virtual-impedance limiter is shown to provide better voltage support during faults than the current-reference-saturation limiter (quantified via sequence voltages). On the other hand, the current-reference-saturation limiter offers better (and more accurate) fault-current contribution.

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“…where the approximation follows from recognizing that for typical values of L i , R i , and ω i , K cc P ≫ R i (see (3)). We will also find that P ≈ 1.…”

Section: A Approximation For Current-loop Transfer Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%