Converting the PAROLE SIMPLE CLIPS lexicon into RDF with lemon

Abstract

This paper describes the publication and linking of (parts of) PAROLE SIMPLE CLIPS (PSC), a large scale Italian lexicon, to the Semantic Web and the Linked Data cloud using the lemon model. The main challenge of the conversion is discussed, namely the reconciliation between the PSC semantic structure which contains richly encoded semantic information, following the qualia structure of the Generative Lexicon theory and the lemon view of lexical sense as a reified pairing of a lexical item and a concept in an ontology. The result is two datasets: one consists of a list of lemon lexical entries with their lexical properties, relations and senses; the other consists of a list of OWL individuals representing the referents for the lexical senses. These OWL individuals are linked to each other by a set of semantic relations and mapped onto the SIMPLE OWL ontology of higher level semantic types.

Models to represent linguistic linked data

“…Many elements in the DTD were in fact not longer needed once the model was mapped to RDF (Villegas and Bel 2015). The conversion of the Italian Parole-Simple lexica to lemon and the extensions to them developed in the context of the CLIPS Italian project (Ruimy et al 2002) (hence, the Parole-Simple-Clips dataset) have also been addressed through the use of the SIMPLE-OWL ontology (Del Gratta et al 2015). An example of this dataset for the entry esitazione 'hesitation', is provided in Figure 7.…”

“…2002) (hence, the Parole-Simple-Clips dataset) have also been addressed through the use of the SIMPLE-OWL ontology (Del Gratta et al . 2015). An example of this dataset for the entry esitazione ‘hesitation’, is provided in Figure 7.…”

Multilingual and Multiword Phenomena in a lemon Old Occitan Medico-Botanical Lexicon

“…In this sense, DiTMAO is part of the current trend to publish linguistic and lexical resources in the context of the Semantic Web, as reported in [10][11][12][13][14]. One of the most important aspects of the publication of datasets in RDF (Resource Description Framework) is the use and re-use of models/vocabularies, which allow the explicit encoding of pertinent aspects of the dataset to be modeled.…”

“…A multilingual lexicon, called DBnary [17], has been built starting from data extracted from Wiktionary and structured in lemon. The Parole-Simple-Clips Italian lexicon has been converted into RDF with lemon [10]. Starting from UBY, a lexical-semantic resource for natural language processing (NLP) based on the Lexical Markup Framework, a lemon version, called lemonUby, has been developed [18].…”

Using SWRL Rules to Model Noun Behaviour in Italian

“…The legacy resource in this instance, Parole-Simple-Clips (PSC), constitutes a large, widecoverage, multi-layered computational lexicon for Italian that was built up, and then extended upon, in successive stages through the course of three major, international and national, projects. In previous work we have described the publication of part of the semantic layer of PSC as LOD [2]. However, PSC also contains a rich morphological layer that contains a substantial amount of structured morphological data for 72,001 lemmas, amongst which there are 48,735 nouns, and where 33,362 of these noun lemmas belong to a specific morphological pattern class.…”