Converting ‘trade-offs’ to ‘trade-ons’ for greatly enhanced food security in Africa: multiple environmental, economic and social benefits from ‘socially modified crops’

Leakey, Roger R.B.

doi:10.1007/s12571-018-0796-1

Cited by 42 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…This participatory tree domestication has proven efficient for diversifying food production while generating income for farmers and providing multiple social, economic and environmental benefits [7,9], based on farmers' priority ranking of tree species to be introduced on farms in West and Central Africa [12], Southern Africa [13], Oceania [14,15], Southeast Asia [16], and Latin America [17]. Indeed, farmers often protect, retain, or plant useful, "socially important", and/or marketable tree species [18] when clearing forest or fallow patches for farming and cocoa production. Interestingly, the species planted often vary between sites; for instance, bush mango trees (Irvingia wombolu/I.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rebuilding Tree Cover in Deforested Cocoa Landscapes in Côte d’Ivoire: Factors Affecting the Choice of Species Planted

Atangana¹,

Gnangoh²,

Yao³

et al. 2021

Forests

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Intensive cocoa production in Côte d’Ivoire, the world’s leading cocoa producer, has grown at the expense of forest cover. To reverse this trend, the country has adopted a “zero deforestation” agricultural policy and committed to rehabilitating its forest cover through the planting of high-value tree species in cocoa landscapes using a participatory approach. However, little is known regarding the factors influencing farmers’ introduction of high-value tree species to cocoa landscapes. We tested the hypothesis that ten previously reported factors to influence agroforestry system adoption to predict the number and choice of tree species that farmers introduce to cocoa farms. We interviewed 683 households in the cocoa-producing zone of Côte d’Ivoire and counted tree species on their cocoa farms. On average, two tree species were recorded per surveyed farm. Generalized Poisson regression models revealed that, in the cocoa production area, experience in tree planting and expected benefits, including income and food, influence tree species introduction through planting or “retention” when clearing land for cocoa establishment. The age of the farmer also influenced (p = 0.017) farmers’ tree species planting on cocoa farms. Fewer tree species were introduced into current intensive cocoa-production areas than in “old cocoa-loops” and forested areas. The number of tree species introduced to cocoa farms increased with expected benefits and experience in tree planting. The number of planted tree species also increased with farmers’ age. Tree species were mostly selected for the provision of shade to cocoa, production of useful tree products (38%), and income from the sale of these products (7%). Fruit tree species were the most planted, while timber tree species were mostly spared when clearing land for cocoa production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rebuilding Tree Cover in Deforested Cocoa Landscapes in Côte d’Ivoire: Factors Affecting the Choice of Species Planted

Atangana¹,

Gnangoh²,

Yao³

et al. 2021

Forests

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“…These methods of increasing agricultural land are common to other crops as well and they have been observed in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Where farmers opt to practice polyculture, there are increased advantages of reduced weeding requirements, increased access to mulching materials (especially the leaves from other crops), reduced pests and disease attacks, and provision of green manures [59,60,[70][71][72][73]. Besides, passion fruits in polycultures can benefit from the nitrogen fixed by legumes.…”

Section: Methods Of Increasing the Land Area For Passion Fruits Produmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land Access in the Development of Horticultural Crops in East Africa. A Case Study of Passion Fruit in Burundi, Kenya, and Rwanda

et al. 2020

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Rapid population growth in fertile agricultural lands of East Africa creates land scarcity, which has become a major hindrance to land access for the introduction of new horticultural crops. But their introduction in these areas is increasing, because of their high market price, which improves farmers’ income. As such, this research evaluated land access dynamics (availability, acquisition, and use changes) on the introduction of passion fruits in East Africa. The study used purposeful sampling to collect information from 171 passion fruit farmers from Burundi (60), Kenya (51), and Rwanda (60) through interviews during field surveys. Among the respondents from all three countries, inheritance and land purchase were the predominant modes of land access (>50% and >21%, respectively). Furthermore, the substitution of other crops by passion fruits was high (>60%) among Kenyan and Rwandan farmers, but low (18%) among Burundian farmers. Our findings indicate that land access influences the patterns of adoption of new crops, since, when limited in supply, it may require the acquisition of new land space, abandonment of other crops, or opting for mixed farming. As such, land access should be a consideration in the promotion of new crops for sustainable agricultural ventures.

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“…Community nurseries in Mexico that propagate native species represent a much-favoured type of conservation-linked enterprise, mirroring trends observed elsewhere in the tropics (Jagawat & Verma 1989, Botha et al 2006. Native species propagation potentially increases the sustainability of poor smallholder farms, as these species can restore soil fertility and ecological functions; thus, they are currently used to rehabilitate farming and cattle production lands (Murgueitio et al 2011, Leakey 2018. Ideally, community nurseries should accomplish at least two of the following goals (Shanks & Carter 1994: (1) to propagate native species, preferably threatened taxa;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Integrating conservation and socioeconomic development: the potential of community nurseries in Mexican protected areas

et al. 2019

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SummaryCommunity nurseries within natural protected areas (NPAs) represent an attractive option to link biodiversity conservation with socioeconomic development, yet their functioning lacks proper assessment. Here, we analyse the national context of community nurseries in Mexican NPAs and suggest a specific framework to evaluate their viability. First, we examine the impact of a major governmental funding programme on these projects. Next, we conduct a case study in a focal nursery to identify challenges faced by its operation. Despite the large number of community nurseries funded by the programme, current performance indicators are not suitable to assess their viability. In turn, the case study reveals this nursery’s partial success, with a clear contribution to social development but a limited impact on economic improvement and vegetation conservation. Regardless of the characteristics of individual community nurseries, we suggest a framework that is potentially useful for evaluating community nursery viability, which enables agencies to detect problems, find solutions and use resources efficiently, while balancing biodiversity conservation and development.

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Converting ‘trade-offs’ to ‘trade-ons’ for greatly enhanced food security in Africa: multiple environmental, economic and social benefits from ‘socially modified crops’

Cited by 42 publications

References 102 publications

Rebuilding Tree Cover in Deforested Cocoa Landscapes in Côte d’Ivoire: Factors Affecting the Choice of Species Planted

Rebuilding Tree Cover in Deforested Cocoa Landscapes in Côte d’Ivoire: Factors Affecting the Choice of Species Planted

Land Access in the Development of Horticultural Crops in East Africa. A Case Study of Passion Fruit in Burundi, Kenya, and Rwanda

Integrating conservation and socioeconomic development: the potential of community nurseries in Mexican protected areas

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