The rate of Indonesian oil imports has increased from 1980 to the present, despite fluctuations. The transportation sector is the largest oil consumption above the industrial and household sectors. The availability, price, and environment factors also make a reason to think about cleaner fuels. Therefore, we conducted a review of the experience of implementing alternative fuels. At present, LPG, CNG, ethanol and biodiesel are good candidates to replace conventional fuels for land transportation in Indonesia. For gas-based fuels, LPG is relatively easy to implement because it only requires a slight modification to the engine but it is not suitable for the future because it is a refinery product. CNG provides advantages over LPG. The lower carbon content and high octane number provide better environmental effects and can be applied to machines with a higher compression ratio. For biofuels, ethanol has almost all the main characteristics for cleaner SI engine fuels. Indonesia has abundant biodiversity to produce ethanol. However, large-scale production will conflict with the availability of land for food crop production. Biodiesel has been produced on a large scale in Indonesia. Palm oil, Jatropha curcas, sunflowers and all seeds containing oil can be planted on all islands in Indonesia. One feature of biodiesel is that it can be applied independently or mixed with diesel oil. With improved quality, biodiesel can be applied to diesel engines without engine modification. This makes biodiesel more feasible for diesel engines than ethanol for gasoline engines.