Converting wastes into added value products: from glycerol to glycerol carbonate, glycidol and epichlorohydrin using environmentally friendly synthetic routes

Phenomenological kinetic model of the synthesis of glycerol carbonate assisted by focused beam reflectance measurements

“…Carboxylation with CO 2 under high demanding energy conditions has been achieved, with applied pressures ranging from 3.5 to 10 MPa and temperatures between 80 and 180°C using zeolites and different metalbased catalysts [5][6][7][8]. Vacuum conditions and temperatures around 150°C with metallic oxides and sulphates have been reported for the glycerolysis of urea as an alternative pathway for the production of GC [9][10][11][12]. However, transesterification of glycerol with organic carbonates appears as a methodology with less demanding operating conditions, especially when working with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) or ethylene carbonate.…”

A General and Expedient Synthesis of 5‐ and 6‐Membered Cyclic Carbonates by Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation of 1,2‐ and 1,3‐Diols

“…[10,20,21] When we applied our method to glycerol, in the absence of any dehydrating agent, 2 h was obtained selectively in good yield after 15 h reaction time (62 % isolated, Table 3, entry 1). In the presence of 3 equivalents of MeC(OMe) 3 , substrate conversion was not complete after 15 h, and methyl 2-oxo- [1,3]dioxolan-4-ylacetate 3 h was formed subsequently as the main product (41 % yield) from the acetylation of 2 h (Table 3, entry 2).…”

Facile synthesis of glycerol carbonate via glycerolysis of urea catalysed by silicotungstates impregnated into MCM-41

“…8 Additionally, there is a general consensus that the potential of glycerol carbonate as an antiexplosive additive for gasoline and diesel will result in an unprecedented growth in the coming years. [9][10][11] The traditional and most effective route for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate (GlyC) is the transesterification of glycerol with acyclic organic carbonates (dimethyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate). [12][13] However, the carbonates utilised during the transesterification are also typically generated via phosgene utilisation which suffers from the drawback of being a dangerous and environmentally unfriendly reactant or energy intensive routes employing epoxides.…”