Convicted but innocent: Wrongful conviction and the criminal justice system.

Rattner, Arye

doi:10.1007/bf01044385

Cited by 113 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Huff, 1987;Rattner, 1988). In 1998, Wells et al reported on 40 cases in the United States involving men who were wrongfully convicted of sexual assaults, and who were later exonerated by DNA evidence.…”

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confidence: 99%

Simultaneous and sequential lineups: decision processes of accurate and inaccurate eyewitnesses

Kneller

Memon

Stevenage

2001

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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The cognitive processes and decision-making strategies of eyewitnesses were tested for their predictive qualities in determining the accuracy of identi®cations from lineups. The sequential lineup presentation was compared with the traditionally employed simultaneous lineup under culprit (target) present and culprit absent conditions. Consistent with previous research the sequential presentation resulted in an equivalent number of correct identi®cations compared to the simultaneous lineup but reduced false identi®cation rates. Although sequential lineups were found to be associated with the use of absolute strategies, those shown a simultaneous lineup reported the use of both relative and absolute strategies. Accurate identi®cations and rejections were found to be associated with the use of absolute strategies, irrespective of lineup presentation or presence of target. Also accurate identi®cations, at least with a sequential lineup, were generally made faster than inaccurate identi®cations. These results are compared to previous studies with respect to the effect that mode of processing (relative versus absolute judgements) has on a witness's decision making and identi®cation accuracy.

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confidence: 99%

Simultaneous and sequential lineups: decision processes of accurate and inaccurate eyewitnesses

Kneller

Memon

Stevenage

2001

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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“…False identi®cation is the single major source of wrongful convictions (Levi, 1997;Rattner, 1988;Wells, 1997). It is dicult to discriminate accurate from inaccurate identi®cations by listening to testimony (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Applying applied research: selling the sequential line-up

Lindsay

1999

Appl. Cognit. Psychol.

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“…One can understand why so many cases of wrongful conviction have been discovered (Brandon and Davies, 1973;Rattner, 1988), despite the odds against discovering wrongful convictions. The police do not usually search for further evidence on a crime for which a defendant has already been convicted.…”

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confidence: 96%

Protecting innocent defendants, nailing the guilty: a modified sequential lineup

Levi¹

1998

Appl. Cognit. Psychol.

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Can the traditional lineup procedure be modified in such a way as to still secure positive identifications of guilty persons while minimizing the risk of misidentifications? Witnesses interacted with a ‘culprit’ who they were later called upon to identify from a 20‐person sequential video lineup. Both culprit‐present and culprit‐absent lineups were employed and witnesses could choose more than one suspect. In 61 culprit‐present lineups 43% chose only the suspect, while in 93 culprit‐absent lineups no‐one did. In culprit‐present lineups 25% chose him along with foils, while 5% did so in culprit‐absent lineups. Larger lineup size, and the ability to make multiple choices, helped lower the probability of choosing only an innocent suspect. Using Baysian analysis, the probability that a chosen defendant was innocent, based on the lineup alone, equalled 0.03, compared to 0.258 in traditional lineups. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Convicted but innocent: Wrongful conviction and the criminal justice system.

Cited by 113 publications

References 3 publications

Simultaneous and sequential lineups: decision processes of accurate and inaccurate eyewitnesses

Simultaneous and sequential lineups: decision processes of accurate and inaccurate eyewitnesses

Applying applied research: selling the sequential line-up

Protecting innocent defendants, nailing the guilty: a modified sequential lineup

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