Cool-season turfgrass species mixtures for roadsides in Minnesota

Friell, Joshua; Watkins, Eric; Horgan, Brian P.

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.09.057

Cited by 15 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…(2015) reported that the probability of maintaining at least 60% survival of turf after two years on Minnesota roadsides was increased when hard fescue and sheep fescue were included in seed mixtures. Further research by Friell, Watkins, and Horgan (2012, 2013, 2015, 2017) helped improve the Minnesota DOT seed mixture for low‐maintenance turf on roadsides, which now includes 29% F . rubra ssp., 20% Chewings fescue, 14% hard fescue, 11% sheep fescue, 16% low‐maintenance Kentucky bluegrass cultivars, and 10% perennial ryegrass (Minnesota DOT, 2014).…”

Section: Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of their ability to tolerate a wide range of mowing heights, fine fescues are quite versatile and can be used in a variety of management situations including putting green and tennis courts with mowing heights of 4–9.4 mm (Aamlid & Molteberg, 2011; Aamlid et al., 2012; Horgan et al., 2012; Newell, Crossley, & Jones, 1996); golf course fairways and cricket pitches with mowing height of 12.7–25.4 mm (Newell & Wood, 2003; Newell, Wood, & Hart‐woods, 2005; Reiter et al., 2017; Watkins et al., 2010, 2012); and home lawns, parks, and golf course roughs with mowing heights of 35 to ≥102 mm (DeBels et al., 2012; Diesburg et al., 1997; Hugie & Watkins, 2016; Meyer & Pedersen, 2000; Watkins et al., 2011). Fine fescues can also thrive under minimal mow (e.g., roadsides or steep‐sloped areas) (80–152 mm) to no‐mow (i.e., tall grass native rough areas) management situations [152–915 mm culm heights, which includes the inflorescence (19–152 mm)] (Cavanaugh et al., 2011; Darbyshire & Pavlick, 2007; Dernoeden et al., 1994; Friell et al., 2015; Hollman et al., 2018; Miller et al., 2013; Watkins et al., 2011). Stem lodging in no‐mow areas can decrease the aesthetics of a turf sward.…”

Section: Management Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine fescues: A review of the species, their improvement, production, establishment, and management

et al. 2020

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Fine fescues (Festuca L. spp.) comprise a group of five cool-season grasses used in turfgrass systems under many conditions: strong creeping red fescue (F. rubra L. ssp. rubra Gaudin), slender creeping red fescue [F. rubra L. ssp. littoralis (G. Mey.) Auquier], Chewings fescue [F. rubra L. ssp. commutata Gaudin; syn. F. rubra L. ssp. fallax (Thuill.) Nyman], hard fescue (F. brevipila Tracey), and sheep fescue [F. ovina L.; syn. F. ovina L. ssp. hirtula (Hack. ex Travis) M.J. Wilk.]. Their extensive geographic distribution is a result of adaptation to many different environmental and management conditions especially low-input sites. This review summarizes the history, production, establishment, management, use, and availability of fine fescues; discusses strengths and shortcomings of fine fescue; identifies knowledge gaps; and provides an outlook toward further research on this group of grasses. Improved cultivars have been developed in recent years that expand the geographic distribution and uses of species but additional efforts to increase seed yield and improve abiotic and biotic stress tolerances are still needed. Expanded use of fine fescue could be achieved through increased sod production of fine fescue, though current research-based information is limited. Research on fine fescue allelopathy and the contributions of fungal endophytes, both of which could lead to reduced pesticide requirements is important for improved pest management. Future research on fine fescues should focus on implementation and management of new cultivars that possess enhanced abiotic and biotic stress tolerance that will result in fewer inputs and improve the appeal and adoption of these low-input grasses.

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Section: Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Management Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine fescues: A review of the species, their improvement, production, establishment, and management

et al. 2020

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“…The sod formed by species of Festuca genus (F. ovina, F. rubra) with an admixture of Poa pratensis and Agrostis capillaris fulfilled the requirements of grassy airport surfaces in studied soil and climatic conditions, and can be recommended for other similar airports. It should be noted that on grassy surfaces exposed to a wide variety of extreme stress in the conditions of Minnesota (a northcentral U.S. state), Festuca ovina and F. rubra are also recommended [11].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sward degradation in grass runways is often caused by excessive compaction of the substrate, which changes its physical properties, decreases porosity and permeability, eliminates grass species, loosens the turf, and decreases its visual merit [2]. Numerous papers have investigated the maintenance of grass surfaces on sports facilities, but an insufficient number of papers have looked at maintaining vegetation cover on grassy airstrips and other surfaces vulnerable to stressful conditions, e.g., roadsides [11]. Due to high qualitative requirements for such surfaces and the concurrent stresses experienced by grassy airstrips, it is assumed that only carefully selected multi-species assemblages can meet such requirements [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physicochemical Properties of Soil and Functional Characteristics of Sward on a Grass Airstrip

Grabowski

Pawluczuk

Grzegorczyk

et al. 2017

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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This paper presents the physicochemical properties of soil and functional characteristics of sward on a grass runway of the airport in Gryźliny near Olsztyn (NE Poland). Soil samples for physicochemical analyses were collected from the surface layer (5-15 cm), and the overwintering success, density, color, and overall quality of the sward at 12 sites were graded on a nine-point scale in 2010-13. Long-term operation of the airstrip influenced the physical properties (compaction) of the substrate and diversified the functional characteristics of sward. The soil was classified according to Polish Soil Classification 2011 as proper rusty soil, and it was classified according to IUSS Working Group WRB 2014 as Brunic Arenosol (Dystric). The evaluated soil had high content of organic matter determined as loss-on-ignition ranging from 17.3 to 18.5%, which is a typical feature of sod layers. The content of macronutrients (N-NO 3 , P, K, Mg) as well as selected micronutrients (Cu, Zn) was low. Nutritional status of the studied soil was caused by its sandy texture. The analyzed sward was characterized by moderate overwintering success, good density (in particular in fall), green and fresh green color, and satisfactory-to-good visual merit. The condition of the sward covering the runway was affected by the physicochemical properties of the soil as well as aircraft operations (take-offs and landings), applied management practices, and weather conditions during the study.

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“…This can be particularly problematic on roadsides where seeding may occur in the fall, following summer road construction and shortly before the onset of winter conditions. Friell et al (2015) discussed the impacts of winter ice encasement on roadside tall fescue and attempts have been made to study tolerance to ice cover (Watkins, Sessoms, Hollman, Laskowski, & Moncada, 2018), but results have not matched field observations, which is likely due to the complexity of ice cover stress.…”

Section: Salt Tolerance and Roadside Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of cool‐season turfgrasses for salt‐affected roadsides in cold climates

Friell

Watkins

2021

Crop Science

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Turfgrass is often planted along roadsides due to its adaptability and capacity to perform a wide range of functions. Like other roadside vegetation, it must withstand a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses while persisting long term with minimal management inputs. In cold-weather climates, snow and ice management practices on roads include the use of deicing salts. Deicing salts can have negative impacts on infrastructure and the environment including soil structure degradation, surface and ground water contamination, and reduction of vegetation quality along roadsides. Insights from past evaluations of turfgrass response to stresses experienced on roadsides can provide perspective for future approaches. This review provides historical context for the establishment of turfgrasses as roadside vegetation in cold weather climates where deicing salts are used. Adaptability of species for roadside applications, as well as field and controlled environment evaluations of salt tolerance are discussed. In future studies, improved characterization of roadside stress and broader collaborative evaluation programs can enhance testing and result in improved specifications for roadside turfgrass species and mixtures.

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Cool-season turfgrass species mixtures for roadsides in Minnesota

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Fine fescues: A review of the species, their improvement, production, establishment, and management

Fine fescues: A review of the species, their improvement, production, establishment, and management

The Physicochemical Properties of Soil and Functional Characteristics of Sward on a Grass Airstrip

Review of cool‐season turfgrasses for salt‐affected roadsides in cold climates

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