Cool storage of Queensland fruit fly pupae for improved management of mass production schedules

Psyttalia incisi (Silvestri) is the dominant parasitoid against Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) in fruit-producing regions of southern China. Prior to a large-scale release, it is important to generate a sufficient stockpile of P. incisi whilst considering how best to maintain their quality and performance; cold storage is an ideal method to achieve these aims. In this study, the impacts of temperature and storage duration on the developmental parameters of P. incisi pupae at different age intervals were assessed. Then, four of the cold storage protocols were chosen for further evaluating their impacts on the quality parameters of post-storage adults. Results showed that the emergence rate of P. incisi was significantly affected by storage temperature, storage duration, and pupal age interval and their interactions. However, when late-age P. incisi pupae developed at a temperature of 13 °C for 10 or 15 d, no undesirable impacts on dry weight, flight ability, longevity, reproduction parameters of post-storage adults, emergence rate, or the female proportion of progeny were recorded. Our findings demonstrate that cold storage has the potential for enhancing the flexibility and effectiveness of the large-scale production and application of P. incisi.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cold Storage on the Quality of Psyttalia incisi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Larval Parasitoid of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Lin

Yang

Hao

et al. 2021

“…Thus, storage at 4.5 °C is the best option among the conditions that have currently been evaluated. Cold storage is a technique used to increase insect shelf-life in mass rearing systems [ 93 , 94 , 95 ] and, provided this does not adversely affect subsequent performance [ 92 ], allows individuals to be kept until needed in the laboratory [ 96 , 97 ] or in the field [ 98 , 99 ], thus synchronizing artificial production and release with both the culture of the laboratory hosts and the population dynamics of the target pest [ 92 , 100 , 101 ]. Despite the advantages of cold storage, there may be some negative effects such as increased mortality caused by physical or metabolic injuries (e.g., osmotic stress or anoxia) or reduced quality due to reduction or elimination of endosymbiont bacterial populations or effects on mobility, responses to chemical cues, learning capacity, fecundity, and offspring sex ratio [ 102 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting the Reproduction and Mass-Rearing of Sclerodermus brevicornis (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), a Natural Enemy of Exotic Flat-Faced Longhorn Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)

Jucker

Hardy

Malabusini

et al. 2020

Many species of long-horned beetles are invasive pests causing significant economic damage in agro-forestry systems. They spend the majority of their life-cycle concealed inside natural wood or wooden packaging materials and are largely protected from adverse environmental conditions and pesticide sprays. Biological control via parasitoid natural enemies including members of the bethylid genus Sclerodermus, has proven effective against some long-horned beetles that are invasive in China. In Europe, the biocontrol potential of native Sclerodermus species is being evaluated with a view to developing efficient mass-rearing techniques and then actively deploying them against invasive Asian beetles. Here, we continue evaluations of S. brevicornis by establishing that groups of females that have already reared offspring to emergence are capable of reproducing subsequent hosts and by evaluating the lifetime reproductive capacity of individual females provided with successive hosts. Additionally, we assess the laboratory shelf-life of adult females stored for different times at different temperatures including cold storage, and then assess the post-storage reproductive performance of groups of females provided with a single host. We found that adult female longevity declines with increasing storage temperature and that most aspects of subsequent performance are negatively affected by high temperatures. The adaptability to low temperature storage enhances the suitability of S. brevicornis to mass-rearing programs and thus biocontrol deployment.

“…Five climatic incubators (PRX-25013, Safu, Ningbo, China) set at the specified temperature, 75 ± 5% RH and 0:24 (L:D) h photoperiod, were used to store the pupae. Emerged adults were then categorized by the following standards: (1) normal adult (fully emerged adult with normal morphology), (2) deformed adult (fully emerged adult with abnormal morphology, such as curly wings), (3) partially emerged (adult stuck in puparium until death), and (4) not emerged [21]. Normal adults and deformed adults were counted and collected from the dishes on the day of eclosion.…”

Section: Experiments 1: Effect Of Pupal Cold Storage On Developmental Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In tephritids, several studies have been carried out to evaluate the effect of low temperature on the pupal development and the sublethal effects of extended cold storage on adult fitness traits of several economically important species to improve the flexibility and efficiency of the mass rearing programs. In terms of the effects of cold storage on the pupal development parameters, in the cases of Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), B. tryoni (Froggatt) and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae), it has been shown that the extension in pupal development duration and the reduction in emergence rate were generally proportional to the decrease in storage temperature [19][20][21]. Previous work in our laboratory has shown that when three-day-old pupae of B. dorsalis (GSS) were stored at 13 • C and 16 • C for 10 or 15 days, the emergence rates were higher than 80% [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the quality cost of post-storage fruit flies, a study on B. oleae suggested that the oviposition ability of adults was adversely affected when pupae were stored at 11 • C [23]. Benelli et al [21] indicated that the dry weight, lipid reserves and flight capacity of B. tryoni adults were significantly reduced as the pupal storing temperature decreased. For one-day-old pupae of A. obliqua developing at 18 • C and 20 • C, the flight ability was significantly reduced for both treatment temperatures compared to the control condition of 25 • C [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantification and Impact of Cold Storage and Heat Exposure on Mass Rearing Program of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera:Tephritidae) Genetic Sexing Strain

Lin

Yamada

et al. 2020

Cold storage and heat exposure are crucial components of tephritid fruit fly mass-rearing programs, as they influence the development and fitness traits of produced flies. This work investigated the effects of cold storage on the pupal developmental parameters and quality of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) genetic sexing strain (GSS) adults. Furthermore, the impact of short-term thermal exposure on the fecundity of B. dorsalis (GSS) that also underwent pupal cold storage was examined. Our results show that pupal development time, emergence rate, partial emergence rate, flight ability and fecundity were significantly affected by low temperature and pupal age and their interaction. Pupal cold storage did not pose negative impacts on the mating competition and response to methyl eugenol (ME) in the males. In addition, compared with the adults that were subjected to the same pupal storage protocol (five-day-old pupae stored at 13 °C), adult exposure to 41 °C for 1 h showed significant reparative effects on fecundity. In summary, the cold storage procedure of B. dorsalis (GSS) pupae has the potential to improve the flexibility and efficiency of mass-rearing schedules. Furthermore, short-term thermal exposure showed reparative effects on the fecundity costs induced by pupal cold storage in B. dorsalis (GSS).