Cooling the UK housing stock post-2050s

Gupta, Rajat; Gregg, Matthew; Williams, Katie

doi:10.1177/0143624414566242

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…(ii) modelling studies (de Wilde & Coley, 2012;Gul et al, 2015;Gupta, Gregg, & Williams, 2015;Gupta & Gregg, 2012;Holmes & Hacker, 2007;McLeod, Hopfe, & Kwan, 2013;Oikonomou et al, 2012;S. M. Porritt, Cropper, Shao, & Goodier, 2012;S.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhabitant actions and summer overheating risk in London dwellings

Mavrogianni

Pathan

Oikonomou

et al. 2016

Building Research & Information

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This paper presents an indoor overheating assessment study of 100 London dwellings during the summer of 2009. The study included physical building surveys, indoor dry bulb temperature monitoring and a questionnaire survey on occupant behaviour, including the operation of passive and active ventilation, cooling and shading systems. A theoretical London housing stock comprising 3,456 combinations of building geometry, orientations, urban patterns, fabric retrofit and external weather was simulated using the EnergyPlus thermal modelling software. A statistical meta-model of EnergyPlus was then built by regressing the independent variables (simulation input) against the dependent variables (overheating risk). The monitoring and questionnaire data were analysed to explore the relationship between self-reported behaviour and overheating, and to test the meta-model. The monitoring data indicated that London homes and, in particular, bedrooms are already at risk of indoor overheating during hot spells under the current climate. Around 70% of respondents tended to open only one or no windows at night mainly due to security reasons. An improvement in R 2 values between measured temperature and meta-model predictions was obtained only for those dwellings where occupants reported actions that was in line with the modelling assumptions, thus highlighting the importance of occupant behaviour for overheating.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhabitant actions and summer overheating risk in London dwellings

Mavrogianni

Pathan

Oikonomou

et al. 2016

Building Research & Information

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“…This is most effective when using light coloured temporary shading as it is the best solar gain reflector 6 , while also maximising winter solar gains. In the case study, internal shading indicated a significant reduction to overheating frequencies in both the 2050s and 2080s HiES scenarios.…”

Section: " ' (mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8][9][10] Currently, 20% of homes in England might already experience overheating in summer and this is likely to increase in a warming climate. 11 In southern European countries the proportion of occupants experiencing discomfort in their homes during summer can be nearly as high as 50%.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…12 Dwelling overheating might lead to increased active cooling systems being used to ensure occupant comfort, though in colder regions passive measures may be sufficient. 6 Increasingly, overheating prevention measures are identified to enhance summer thermal comfort 7 , but many studies suggest that especially in southern UK areas, passive measures and behavioural adaptations will be insufficient to provide summer thermal comfort in a warming world. 12 If active cooling becomes the norm in the future, which has been estimated to increase by about 30% by the 2080's 6 , this will lead to an unintended energy burden.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…6 Increasingly, overheating prevention measures are identified to enhance summer thermal comfort 7 , but many studies suggest that especially in southern UK areas, passive measures and behavioural adaptations will be insufficient to provide summer thermal comfort in a warming world. 12 If active cooling becomes the norm in the future, which has been estimated to increase by about 30% by the 2080's 6 , this will lead to an unintended energy burden. 10 This paper evaluates a retrofit case study in north England (Sheffield) in the current climate and future predicted climate.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Low-energy housing retrofit in North England: Overheating risks and possible mitigation strategies

Ibrahim

Pelsmakers

2018

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

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In the drive to reduce space heating demand and associated CO 2 emissions as well as tackle fuel poverty, dwelling overheating and summer time occupant thermal discomfort might be the unintended consequences of low energy building retrofits. This paper presents the findings of a steady state modelled low energy retrofit dwelling in northern England and its potential current and future climate overheating risks using UK Climate Projections 2009 (UKCP09) scenarios (2050 and 2080 High Emission Scenarios). Predictive findings highlight that retrofitting to low energy standards increases overheating risk over time, unless passive prevention measures are included in the retrofit design. In addition, the steady state nature of the model might not fully capture the occupants' exposure to actual future overheating risks. Among the most effective individual passive overheating mitigation strategies are temporary internal shading, permanent external shading, and night time ventilation. Most effective is a combination of these adaptation measures, so that predictive overheating is minimised in a future changing climate, reducing the uptake of active cooling in retrofitted dwellings. Practical applications:Much research focuses on building overheating risks in the warmer South east of England. However, this paper highlights how dwelling retrofit in north England (Sheffield) also can lead to increased dwelling overheating risk, unless passive design measures are included in the retrofit design. Among the most effective individual passive overheating mitigation strategies are solar shading devices and increased night time ventilation, though ideally different measures are combined.Using future climate scenarios highlights that retrofits designed today might not be able to provide occupant thermal comfort in a future warming world. Keywords Low energy housing, overheating risks, overheating mitigation strategies, retrofit IntroductionThe residential sector is responsible for around 27% of the UK's CO 2 emissions.1 In addition, roughly 11 % of people in England live in fuel poverty, with especially older, uninsulated dwellings being harder to heat. 2 Hence retrofitting the existing stock is one of the key strategies towards significant carbon emission reductions in the residential sector 3 and to reduce fuel poverty. 2 As a result, in the UK and in Europe there is a drive towards the implementation of fabric energy efficiency improvements in building retrofit and in the construction of new buildings to more stringent standards.The Passivhaus standard is such a standard for achieving high building energy performance and exceeds most countries' building regulation standards. The standard is increasingly adopted in Europe, including in the UK. 4 However, based on growing evidence of uncomfortable indoor environments of low energy new built dwellings, 5 and retrofits, 6 a more energy efficient fabric might Passivhaus standard. In addition to evaluating predicted overheating risks in the current and a future predicted climate...

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