Cooling to reduce the pain associated with vaccination: A systematic review

Hall, Leanne; Ediriweera, Yashodha; Banks, Jennifer; Nambiar, Anjali; Heal, Clare

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.11.005

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It also reduces edema, nerve conduction velocities, cellular metabolism and local blood flow. The effect of cryotherapy depends on the method, the duration of the ice, its temperature and the depth of the subcutaneous fat [11][12][13][14]. We demonstrated the efficacy of vapocoolant spray in mitigating pain during IV cannulation in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Although the topical ones come to the forefront among the anesthetic agents, local coolants such as vapocoolant spray stand out among the inexpensive, easy to apply, and fast agents due to factors such as long pre-anesthetic waiting times and cost in many topical agents [13]. Furthermore, the findings obtained in the studies highlight the fact that vapocoolant sprays neither cause permanent dermatological problems nor have microvascular side effects [14]. It also reduces edema, nerve conduction velocities, cellular metabolism and local blood flow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…According to one study, vapocoolant spray significantly reduces pain during IV cannulation in adults while having no negative side effects [14]. Vapocoolant spray was shown to be an effective alternative for reducing procedural pain in another study with a pediatric patient population [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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İntravenöz Kanülasyon Ağrısı İçin Vapocoolant Sprey: Prospektif, Randomize Kontrollü Bir Çalışma

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2021

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Introduction: Peripheral intravenous (IV) cannulation are routine procedures in emergency department (ED) admissions. Vapocoolant sprays have a potential advantage over other topical agents.We aimed to see how effective vapocoolant spray was in reducing pain during intravenous cannulation versus a control group in this study. Materials and Methods:This is a prospective, randomized control study consisting of patients who were admitted to the ED. The study included patients aged 18 and over who applied to the ED and had IV cannulation. The patients were divided into 2 groups as control and vapocoolant spray groups. Age, gender, and dominant hand status of all patient groups were recorded. Side effects were observed after the application. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), which is the most widely used scale to measure pain, was used.Results: 206 individuals were randomized. The mean age of the vapocoolant spray group was 46.40±16.44 years, while it was 46.75±17.49 years for the control group. The vapocoolant spray group was found to have significantly lower mean VAS values during IV cannulation than the control group (1.47±1.32 vs. 3.97±1.97 p<0.001). It was found that the vapocoolant spray-applied group had a significantly lower percentage in terms of moderate pain (VAS>3 cm) compared to the control group (7.8% vs 58.3%, p<0.001). Besides, the percentage of severe pain (VAS>5.4 cm) in the spray-applied group was found to be significantly lower than the control group (1% vs. 20.4%, p<0.001). Conclusion:The vapocoolant spray can be used effectively to mitigate the pain associated with the pre-IV cannulation procedure and can be an alternative method for reducing pain in emergency departments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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İntravenöz Kanülasyon Ağrısı İçin Vapocoolant Sprey: Prospektif, Randomize Kontrollü Bir Çalışma

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Bedel²,

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2021

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“…10 Literature on the use of cooling for injection-related pain shows conflicting results. 12 Vapocoolant spray has been shown to be effective in adult and paediatric populations, while in limited paediatric studies ice was not effective. 1,11,13 Only one randomised controlled trial (RCT) has investigated the use of ice to reduce vaccine-related pain in adults, showing a reduction in pain when compared with a no-intervention control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of ice to reduce the pain of immunisation: The ICE trial

et al. 2022

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“…Literature on use of cooling for injection-related pain is sparse, with studies showing conflicting results. The majority of cooling studies have investigated vapocoolants for their vaccination-related pain mitigation properties, with only three out of 13 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) using ice as a cooling method [ 13 ]. Only one of these was conducted in an adult population, [ 12 ] thus necessitating further research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Randomised Controlled Trial of Ice to Reduce the Pain of Immunisation—The ICE Trial

et al. 2021

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Background and objectives: vaccine injections are a common cause of iatrogenic pain and anxiety, contributing to non-compliance with scheduled vaccinations. With injection-related pain being recognised as a barrier to vaccination uptake in both adults and children, it is important to investigate strategies to effectively reduce immunisation pain. This prospective randomised controlled trial investigated the effects of applying an ice pack on vaccine-related pain in adults. Methods: medical students receiving the flu vaccination were randomised to receive an ice pack (intervention) or placebo cold pack (control) at the injection site for 30 s prior to needle insertion. Immediate post-vaccination pain (VAS) and adverse reactions in the proceeding 24 h were recorded. Results: pain scores between the intervention (n = 19) and control groups (n = 16) were not statistically significant (intervention: median pain VAS = 7.00, IQR = 18; control: median pain VAS = 11, IQR = 14 (p = 0.26). There were no significant differences in the number of adverse events between the two groups (site pain p = 0.18; localised swelling (p = 0.67); bruising p = 0.09; erythema p = 0.46). Discussion: ice did not reduce vaccination-related pain compared to cold packs. COVID-19 related restrictions impacted participant recruitment, rendering the study insufficiently powered to draw conclusions about the results.

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Cooling to reduce the pain associated with vaccination: A systematic review

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

İntravenöz Kanülasyon Ağrısı İçin Vapocoolant Sprey: Prospektif, Randomize Kontrollü Bir Çalışma

İntravenöz Kanülasyon Ağrısı İçin Vapocoolant Sprey: Prospektif, Randomize Kontrollü Bir Çalışma

A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of ice to reduce the pain of immunisation: The ICE trial

A Randomised Controlled Trial of Ice to Reduce the Pain of Immunisation—The ICE Trial

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