Cooperation System of Gaduh Sapi in Fiqh Mu’āmalah in Tanjung Kulon Kajen Village Pekalongan

Abstract

<p dir="ltr"><span>This study aims to describe the “gaduh sapi” collaboration in terms of practice and review of mu’āmalah fiqh in Tanjung Kulon Village, Kajen Country, Pekalongan District. This research is using descriptive qualitative research. The sources used in this study are data from interviews, observations, documentation, and literature data. The subjects of this study were cattle managers and owners of capital. Data collection techniques used non-participant observation methods, structured interviews, and documentation. The data analysis used is qualitative by using the deductive method. The study results show that the practice of “gaduh sapi” in Tanjung Kulon Village follows the habits of the village community both in terms of how to manage, provide capital, and share profits. The model of rowdy practice is carried out with two events, namely fattening and breeding. The “gaduh sapi” collaboration carried out by the community as a means of helping. The practice of “gaduh sapi” cooperation carried out by the community is in accordance with the rules of fiqh mu’āmalah, namely using a muḍārabah contract. Because the capital owner gives the business manager the freedom to manage his business, develop it without limiting the type, time, and place. The capital used in this rowdy cooperation practice is goods, namely cows. This follows one of the conditions for muḍārabah capital: it can be in the form of money or goods that are valued (cows are included). So that at the end of time the distribution of results can be distinguished from profits. Where cattle capital remains the right of the owner of the capital, then the fattening and breeding results are shared. The provisions of the benefits carried out by the people of Tanjung Kulon Village are by the rules of al-ghunmu bi al- ghurmi (risks are balanced with benefits). This study also confirms that there are no contracts containing gharar in the “gaduh sapi” practice.</span></p><p><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan “gaduh sapi” dari segi praktik dan tinjauan fiqh mu’āmalah di Desa Tanjung Kulon, Kecamatan Kajen, Kabupaten Pekalongan. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Sumber yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu data hasil wawancara</em><em>, observasi, dokumentasi,</em><em> dan data literatur. Subjek penelitian ini adalah pengelola sapi dan pemilik modal. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi non-partisipan, wawancara terstruktur</em><em>, dan dokumentasi. </em><em>Analisis data yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deduktif.</em><em> </em><em>Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa</em><em> </em><em>p</em><em>ra</em><em>ktik “gaduh sapi” di Desa Tanjung Kulon mengikuti kebiasaan masyarakat desa baik dari segi cara pengelolaan, penyediaan modal, dan pembagian keuntungan. Model praktik gaduh yang dilakukan dengan dua acara yaitu penggemukan dan pengembangbiakan. Kerjasama “gaduh sapi” yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat sebagai sarana tolong menolong. Praktik kerjasama “gaduh sapi” yang dilakukan masyarakat sudah sesuai dengan aturan fiqh mu’āmalah, yaitu menggunakan akad mu</em><em>ḍ</em><em>ārabah. Pengelola usaha diberi kebebasan oleh pemilik modal untuk mengelola usahanya, mengembangkan tanpa memberi batasan jenis, waktu serta tempat. Modal yang digunakan dalam praktik kerjasama gaduh ini adalah barang yaitu sapi. Hal ini sudah sesuai dengan </em><em>salah satu syarat modal mu</em><em>ḍ</em><em>ārabah </em><em>yaitu</em><em> dapat berbentuk uang atau barang yang dinilai</em><em> (sapi termasuk di dalamnya)</em><em>. Pada waktu akhir pembagian hasil dapat dibedakan dari keuntungan. Dimana modal sapi tetap menjadi hak pemilik modal, selanjutnya hasil penggemukan dan pengembangbiakan yang dibagihasilkan. Ketentuan keuntungan yang dilakukan masyarakat Desa Tanjung Kulon telah sesuai dengan kaidah al-ghunmu bi al-ghurmi. </em><em>Hasil</em><em> penelitian ini juga menegaskan bahwa </em><em>tidak ditemukan</em><em> </em><em>akad yang mengandung gharār</em><em> dalam </em><em>praktik</em><em> </em><em>“gaduh sapi”</em><em> disana.</em><em></em></p><p><em><br /></em></p>

Riba in The Perspective of Sharia Bank Customers: A Systematic Literature Review

“…The hadith explains the permissibility of selling the six types of goods as long as they follow the provisions according to the hadith, namely with the conditions for the similarity of types of goods, on a consensual basis and submitted directly and not suspended. The prohibition of usury in the context of buying and selling in the hadith is based on the aspect of injustice which economically suppresses the weak party in terms of transactions due to the suspension of buying and selling (Adinugraha et al, 2021).…”