Cooperation: The roles of interpersonal value and gratitude

Smith, Adam; Pedersen, Eric J.; Forster, Daniel E.; McCullough, Michael E.; Lieberman, Debra

doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2017.08.003

Cited by 64 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The present research adds to a growing number of findings supporting the claim that social evaluations underlie the operation of multiple, different social emotions Sznycer, Al-Shawaf, et al, 2017;Sznycer, Xygalatas, Agey, et al, 2018;Durkee et al, forthcoming;Cohen et al, forthcoming;Lieberman, Tooby, & Cosmides, 2007;Lim, 2012;Smith et al, 2017). The present research also indicates crosscultural regularities in the structure and content of human social-evaluative psychology, as found in past research (Buss, 1989;Buss et al, 1990;Shackelford, Schmitt, & Buss, 2005;Fiske, Cuddy, & Glick, 2007;Evans & Scott, 1984;Brown, 1991;Rozin, Lowery, & Haidt, 1999;Henrich et al, 2006;Herrmann, Thöni, & Gächter, 2008;Sznycer, Al-Shawaf, et al, 2017;Sznycer, Xygalatas, Agey, et al, 2018;Curry, Mullins, & Whitehouse, 2019;Durkee et al, forthcoming).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

The emotion-valuation constellation: multiple emotions are governed by a common grammar of social valuation

Sznycer¹,

Lukaszewski²

2019

Preprint

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Social emotions are hypothesized to be adaptations designed by selection to solve adaptive problems pertaining to social valuation-the disposition to attend to, associate with, and aid a target individual based on her probable contributions to the fitness of the valuer. To steer between effectiveness and economy, social emotions need to activate in precise proportion to the local evaluations of the various acts and characteristics that dictate the social value of self and others. Supporting this hypothesis, experiments conducted in the United States and India indicate that five different social emotions all track a common set of valuations. The extent to which people value each of 25 positive characteristics in others predicts the intensities of: pride (if you had those characteristics), anger (if someone failed to acknowledge that you have those characteristics), gratitude (if someone convinced others that you have those characteristics), guilt (if you harmed someone who has those characteristics), and sadness (if someone died who had those characteristics). The five emotions track local valuations (mean r = +.72) and even foreign valuations (mean r = +.70).In addition, cultural differences in emotion are patterned: They follow cultural differences in valuation. These findings suggest that multiple social emotions are governed (in part) by a common architecture of social valuation, that the valuation architecture operates with a substantial degree of universality in its content, and that a unified theoretical framework may explain cross-cultural invariances and cultural differences in emotion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

The emotion-valuation constellation: multiple emotions are governed by a common grammar of social valuation

Sznycer¹,

Lukaszewski²

2019

Preprint

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“…Various social and non-social emotions are relevant in the context of trust games. For example, emotions such as anger, gratitude, and guilt have been shown to guide behavior in human-human trust interactions (Schniter & Sheremeta, 2014;Smith, Pedersen, Forster, McCullough, & Lieberman, 2017;Sznycer, 2019).…”

Section: Theory and Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trust in humans and robots: Economically similar but emotionally different

Schniter

Shields

Sznycer

2020

Journal of Economic Psychology

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Trust-based interactions with robots are increasingly common in the marketplace, workplace, on the road, and in the home. However, a looming concern is that people may not trust robots as they do humans. While trust in fellow humans has been studied extensively, little is known about how people extend trust to robots. Here we compare trust-based investments and emotions from across three nearly identical economic games: human-human trust games, human-robot trust games, and human-robot trust games where the robot decision impacts another human. Robots in our experiment mimic humans: they are programmed to make reciprocity decisions based on previously observed behaviors by humans in analogous situations. We find that people invest similarly in humans and robots. By contrast, the social emotions elicited by the interactions (but not non-social emotions) differed across human and robot trust games, and did so lawfully. Emotional reactions depended on how one's trust game decision interacted with the partnered agent's decision, and whether another person was affected economically and emotionally.

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“…The other has a stake in your well-being, and so you have a stake in the other's well-being (Tooby & Cosmides, 1996;Roberts, 2005;Aktipis et al, 2018). Thus, indications of being valued more highly than previously have the effect of raising the other's social value to you, with corresponding increases in your valuation of the other and your disposition to aid the other (Smith, Pedersen, Forster, McCullough, & Lieberman, 2017; for exceptions to this, see Ackerman & Kenrick, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emotion–valuation constellation: Multiple emotions are governed by a common grammar of social valuation

Sznycer

Lukaszewski

2019

Evolution and Human Behavior

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Social emotions are hypothesized to be adaptations designed by selection to solve adaptive problems pertaining to social valuation-the disposition to attend to, associate with, and aid a target individual based on her probable contributions to the fitness of the valuer. To steer between effectiveness and economy, social emotions need to activate in precise proportion to the local evaluations of the various acts and characteristics that dictate the social value of self and others. Supporting this hypothesis, experiments conducted in the United States and India indicate that five different social emotions all track a common set of valuations. The extent to which people value each of 25 positive characteristics in others predicts the intensities of: pride (if you had those characteristics), anger (if someone failed to acknowledge that you have those characteristics), gratitude (if someone convinced others that you have those characteristics), guilt (if you harmed someone who has those characteristics), and sadness (if someone died who had those characteristics). The five emotions track local valuations (mean r = +.72) and even foreign valuations (mean r = +.70). In addition, cultural differences in emotion are patterned: They follow cultural differences in valuation. These findings suggest that multiple social emotions are governed (in part) by a common architecture of social valuation, that the valuation architecture operates with a substantial degree of universality in its content, and that a unified theoretical framework may explain cross-cultural invariances and cultural differences in emotion.

show abstract

Cooperation: The roles of interpersonal value and gratitude

Cited by 64 publications

References 42 publications

The emotion-valuation constellation: multiple emotions are governed by a common grammar of social valuation

The emotion-valuation constellation: multiple emotions are governed by a common grammar of social valuation

Trust in humans and robots: Economically similar but emotionally different

The emotion–valuation constellation: Multiple emotions are governed by a common grammar of social valuation

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