“…Previous empirical studies revealed that cooperative learning is effective for enhancing learning achievement, developing higher-order thinking skills, encouraging pro-social behavior, improving inter-ethnic relationships, and increasing motivation to learn (e.g., Cohen, Lotan, & Catanzarite, 1990;Cook, 1984;High, 1993;Holt, 1993;Jacobs & Goh, 2007;Johnson, Johnson, & Stanne, 2000;McCafferty, Jacobs, & DaSilva Iddings, 2006;Sharan & Rich, 1984;Sharan & Shaulov, 1990;Slavin, 1995).…”