Cooperative multi-catalyst systems for one-pot organic transformations

Abstract

One-pot co-catalyst systems are covered in this tutorial review. It is divided into three sections according to the reaction types: i) one catalyst performs a desired reaction as the second catalyst restores the first catalytic species back into its original state for the next catalytic cycles, ii) two catalysts carry out sequential organic transformations, in which the first step is carried out by one catalyst to afford certain intermediates being to be subjected to the second catalyst for the next step, and iii) cooperative catalytic actions on both substrates by suitable catalysts proceed in a substrate-selective manner followed by the subsequent coupling of the two activated adducts providing the desired products.

Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-coupling Reaction Catalyzed by Nickel Nanoparticles Supported on Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)/TiO2-ZrO2Composite

“…[1][2][3][4] Usually, carbon-carbon coupling reactions are catalyzed by palladium compound [5][6][7] or Ni-Pd bimetallic catalysts. [8][9][10][11][12][13] On the other hand, the Ni catalysts have many advantages over the Pd catalyst, for example, they are more reactive and often cheaper than the Pd complexes. 14,15 Ni catalyzed reactions are more specific and are complementary to their Pd analogues.…”

Durch N‐heterocyclische Carbene katalysierte Dominoreaktionen

“…Zwei Hauptbereiche kçnnen prinzipiell bei bikatalytischen Reaktionen unterschieden werden: die duale Katalyse, [45] wo zwei Katalysatoren in zwei getrennten Katalysezyklen wirken, und die kooperative Katalyse, [46,47] wo beide Katalysatoren entweder miteinander oder simultan mit demselben Substratmolekül wechselwirken. Die duale Katalyse wurde bereits bei Eintopfverfahren aus Michael-und Stetter-Reaktion sowie aus Michael-Reaktion und Benzoin-Reaktion eingesetzt, wobei solche Prozesse wegen mehrerer vorhandener Katalysatoren im Reaktionsgefäß entweder als Domino-oder als orthogonale Tandemreaktionen klassifiziert werden kçnnen (Schema 1).…”

Asymmetric one-pot reactions using heterogeneous chemical catalysis: recent steps towards sustainable processes

“…127,128 The order of the steps in these one-pot cascade reactions was deduced based on the product distribution determined during the transformations, or in the case of the Heck reaction based on the enantiomeric ratios obtained with three iodine substituted acetophenone derivatives. All these processes afforded the corresponding chiral alcohols (40,41,42) in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities; moreover, the catalyst used in the ETH-Suzuki coupling kept its efficiency following 8 runs. 127 The excellent performances of these catalysts were attributed to the presence of site-isolated, uniformly distributed Pd and Ru catalytic species within a single mesoporous support.…”

“…However, due to their operational simplicity and enormous advantages provided by the material, energy, space and time savings, as compared with the classical stop-and-go methods, extensive efforts are devoted to the development of such synthetic procedures. [41][42][43][44][45] During the last decade, the availability of a large variety of chiral catalysts [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] has been the driving force for the development of asymmetric catalytic one-pot procedures. [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] Such reactions could be applied in the synthesis of optically pure building blocks and active pharmaceuticals.…”