Cooperative Overlay Spectrum Access in Cognitive Radio Networks

Abstract

Abstract-In order to mitigate the shortage of wireless spectrum, the appealing concepts of cooperative communication techniques and cognitive radio networks have been combined for the sake of improving the spectral efficiency and hence the overall system throughput. We mainly survey the overlay spectrum access scheme in this novel cooperative cognitive radio (CCR) network context. Therefore the interference between the Licensed Users/Primary Users (PUs) and the Unlicensed Users/Cognitive Users (CUs) can be offset by relying on some of the CUs to act as Relay Nodes (RN). More specifically, we have investigated the cooperative relaying technique in the context of the overlay spectrum access scheme aiming for allowing the PUs to transmit at a lower power and/or at a higher throughput, while at the same time enabling the CUs to communicate using the bandwidth released. Additionally, gaming techniques can be employed for negotiating between the PUs and the CUs for determining the specific fraction of relaying and active transmission time. Therefore, we will consider two main schemes in the overlay spectrum access scheme based on the CCR network, which are the frequency division based channel as well as the timedivision based channel. Moreover, we have surveyed the relevant advances concerning the game-based model of the overlay-based CR network. Specifically, both the family of non-cooperative and cooperative games as well as matching games have been reviewed. Furthermore, we will review the joint design of coding, modulation, user-cooperation and CCR techniques, which leads to significant mutual benefits for both the PUs and CUs.

Dynamic Spectrum Sharing in 5G Wireless Networks With Full-Duplex Technology: Recent Advances and Research Challenges

“…Several survey papers exist in the literature in the context of dynamic spectrum sharing and spectral coexistence covering a wide range of areas such as spectrum occupancy modeling and measurements [29,30], interweave DSS [31,32,34], underlay DSS [35][36][37], overlay DSS [38], MAC protocols for DSS [39], spectrum decision [43], spectrum assignment [44], security for DSS [40], learning for DSS [41,42], DSS under practical imperfections [13], licensed spectrum sharing [61][62][63] IoT, M2M and D2D [64][65][66][67] techniques [45], and the coexistence of LTE and WiFi [46]. Furthermore, the contribution in [37] provided a comprehensive review of radio resource allocation techniques for efficient spectrum sharing based on different design techniques such as transmission power-based versus SINRbased, and centralized versus distributed method, and further provided various requirements for the efficient resource allocation techniques.…”

Spectrum Inference in Cognitive Radio Networks: Algorithms and Applications

“…Moreover, the work of this survey paper is also related to the survey papers on various aspects of CRNs, such as spectrum sensing [25]- [30], spectrum decision [31]- [35], resource allocation [36]- [41], security and privacy [42]- [48], MAC protocols [49], [50], routing [51], network coding [52], various applications [53]- [56], to just mention a few. A list of the related survey papers is provided in Table I for further references.…”

Sum Utilization of Spectrum with Spectrum Handoff and Imperfect Sensing in Interweave Multi-Channel Cognitive Radio Networks

“…The unlicensed users cannot access the licensed bands, making the bands under-utilized [6,10]. Spectrum allocation flexibility and spectrum utilization efficiency can be achieved with different proposed technologies, such as LTE-WiFi aggregation (LWA) [11], operations in millimeter-wave band [12], LTE over the unlicensed band (LTE-U) [13], multicasting [14,15], layer-division multiplexing [14,16], ultra-dense small cells in Sustainability 2018, 10, 1764 3 of 18 5G architecture [17], non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) [18][19][20], and software-defined cognitive radio network (SD-CRN) [21][22][23][24][25].…”

“…Dynamic spectrum access techniques enable time-division multiple access (TDMA)-based spectrum sharing between the PUs and SUs, without requiring any major modifications in the primary systems [22][23][24]. The three possible paradigms of spectrum access in CRNs include overlay, underlay, and interweave [25,26]. In underlay schemes, SU and PU may transmit simultaneously under the constraint of SUs' interference to the PU.…”

“…The successful integration of the PU with SUs is subject to the condition that a certain QoS level for a PU must be guaranteed, and can be accomplished through spectrum sensing. Hence, reliable spectrum sensing, using software-defined radio technology and an advanced cognition engine, is the most crucial part of CRNs [25][26][27][28]. Spectrum sensing is performed either independently or in a cooperative manner.…”