Cooperative Sensing for Cognitive Radio: A Powerful Access Method for Shadowing Environment

Cognitive Radio Spectrum Sensing Technique Using M-ary QAM for Different Fading Environments

“…Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves show the relation between Pmd and Pfa, is used for energy detection for detecting primary users in CR environment with Pfa on X-axis and Pmd on Y-axis. While Energy Detectors have been extensively studied in the past [13][14] using BPSK and QAM signal, here ED using QAM is done which increases the system efficiency. Most of the proposed methods are ad hoc solutions and a more general model incorporating different parameters such as number of secondary users, detection and falsealarm probabilities and more importantly propagation characteristics is still lacking.…”

Advanced Multiresolution Wavelet Based Wideband Spectrum Sensing Technique for Cognitive Radio

“…The proposed algorithm has simple structure and less computational complexity as compared to other conventional schemes. Singh et al in [4] proposed a collaborative sensing mechanism for solving two major issues of energy detection method, i.e., noise uncertainty and hidden node problem. To overcome noise uncertainty, M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) technique is proposed that increases the overall performance reducing probability of false alarm and probability of missed detection by 3% at the same latency time, whereas cooperative fusion sensing with a combination of AND and OR logic is used to solve hidden node problem.…”

“…Transmission Over AWGN channel (4) Set Iteration = 0 (5) Perform Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform(DWPT) (6) if Iteration= Rl then ⊳ = log 2 ( / ) = 4 (7) Compute the Power of the channel (8) else (9) Go to Step (5) (10) end if (11) Arrange channels in ascending order of Power (12) Inform the channel order to MAC Layer ⊳ MAC → Medium Access Control (13) end procedure Algorithm 1: Algorithm for the proposed system model.…”

“…Moreover, this paradigm automatically changes its parameters of operation like modulation techniques, transmission power, and other physical layer parameters with any variation in real-time environment conditions. Spectrum Allocation techniques [3][4][5] and its utilization are important factors in cognitive radio networks. Therefore, to control this spectrum underutilization which leads to spectrum scarcity, several bodies, and commission, headed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), are taking actions to make this new paradigm of cognitive radio work.…”

Comparatative Analysis of Energy Detection Spectrum Sensing of Cognitive Radio Under Wireless Environment Using SEAMCAT

“…This study will provide base for maximum capacity or spectrum utilization under different wireless fading environment which will be helpful in the design of Intelligent Wireless Communication System under the constraints of Interference. The study has its impact on design and development of cognitive radio system under ubiquitous pervasive environment [14][15][16][17][18].…”