Cooperative study of methods for the determination of oxygen in steel

Abstract

The data from reports of 35 laboratories, comprising more than 2,000 analytical determinations, indicate that the vacuum-fusion method yields accurate r esults for the oxygen contents of plain-carbon steels either aluminum-killed, siliconkilled, or of the rimming type; the aqueous-iodine method yields accurate results for some types of killed steels and low results for other steels; more data, and particularly more concordant data, are necessary to define the accuracy of the other methods employed in this cooperative analysis.The vacuum-fusion procedures are reviewed and recommendations given for obtaining optimum results by this method. CONTENTS Page

Simultaneous Determination of Oxygen and Nitrogen in Steels by a D.C. Carbon-Arc, Gas Chromatographic Technique.

“…Our results agreed with these values, within experimental error, except for the 1040 series of standards. Serious heterogeneity in the oxygen content of these specimens has already been reported and our measurements have confirmed these findings (11, 18). The concentration values listed in Table III for these standards were obtained on the rod sections employed for calibration purposes.…”

Determination of Oxygen in Titanium, Zirconium, Chromium, Vanadium, and Steels by Bromination-Carbon Reduction Method

“…If the sample is drilled under oil, and the drillings are w'ashed with benzene and stored in a desiccator, the oxygen content of the oxide coating w'ill give an increase of 0.003 to 0.005% in oxygen content of the sample (6, 21). If solid polished pieces are used, the oxide coating is insignificant (1, 38).…”

Determinations of hydrogen in ferrous materials by vacuum extraction at 800 degrees C and by vacuum fusion

“…Steel 15, without any thermal treatment except that incidental to the hot rolling, contained 0.00010 percent of hydrogen. This value resembles the hydrogen contents of the hot-rolled rods of simple steels rather than that of steel 13. Sample 14, which had been annealed for 8 hours at 735° C, subsequent to hot working, contained 0.00001 percent of hydrogen.…”

“…Chipman and Fontana [10] in 1935 reported that duplicate determinations of hydrogen might differ by as much as 0.0005 percent. In the cooperative study of methods for the determination of oxygen in steel [13] in 1937, four of the cooperators reported results for hydrogen by vacuum fusion. These results indicated that the hydrogen content of each of the eight selected steels was less than 0.001 percent, but a more accurate value could nOb be indicated.…”