Coordinate changes in levels of human serum low and high density lipoprotein subclasses in healthy men.

Krauss, Ronald M.; Williams, Paul T.; Lindgren, Frank T.; Wood, Peter D.

doi:10.1161/01.atv.8.2.155

Cited by 60 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Numerous studies have demonstrated strong correlations of plasma triglycerides and VLDL levels with increasing density and decreasing size of the predominant LDL subspecies (9,69,75). This may be related in part to the pathway relating VLDL to LDL heterogeneity shown in Fig.…”

Section: Role Of Plasma Lipase Activities In Production Of Ldl From Tmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…1 is based on previously described reciprocal relationships involving their proposed lipolytic products LDL-III and LDL-I, respectively ( Fig. 2 ) (69). Similarly, based on reciprocal relationships between LDL II and LDL IV (Fig.…”

Section: Metabolic Influences On Ldl Heterogeneitymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…1, but is also likely to reflect triglyceride enrichment and remodeling of LDL by lipase activities. LDL size and density in turn are inversely related to levels of plasma HDL, particularly the HDL-2 subclass (69,76). By exchange of cholesteryl esters with triglycerides, LDL and HDL can become triglyceride enriched and can be processed further by lipases.…”

Section: Role Of Plasma Lipase Activities In Production Of Ldl From Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic origins and clinical significance of LDL heterogeneity

Berneis

Krauss

2002

Journal of Lipid Research

779

633

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LDLs in humans comprise multiple distinct subspecies that differ in their metabolic behavior and pathologic roles. Metabolic turnover studies suggest that this heterogeneity results from multiple pathways, including catabolism of different VLDL and IDL precursors, metabolic remodeling, and direct production. A common lipoprotein profile designated atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype is characterized by a predominance of small dense LDL particles. Multiple features of this phenotype, including increased levels of triglyceride rich lipoprotein remnants and IDLs, reduced levels of HDL and an association with insulin resistance, contribute to increased risk for coronary heart disease compared with individuals with a predominance of larger LDL. Increased atherogenic potential of small dense LDL is suggested by greater propensity for transport into the subendothelial space, increased binding to arterial proteoglycans, and susceptibility to oxidative modification. Large LDL particles also can be associated with increased coronary disease risk, particularly in the setting of normal or low triglyceride levels. Like small LDL, large LDL exhibits reduced LDL receptor affinity compared with intermediate sized LDL. Future delineation of the determinants of heterogeneity of LDL and other apoB-containing lipoproteins may contribute to improved identification and management of patients at high risk for atherosclerotic disease. -Berneis, K. K., and R. M. Krauss. Metabolic origins and clinical significance of LDL heterogeneity.

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Section: Role Of Plasma Lipase Activities In Production Of Ldl From Tmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Metabolic Influences On Ldl Heterogeneitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Role Of Plasma Lipase Activities In Production Of Ldl From Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic origins and clinical significance of LDL heterogeneity

Berneis

Krauss

2002

Journal of Lipid Research

779

633

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“…In morbidly obese women who underwent gastric bypass surgery 15 there was an increase in LDL size and a decrease in LDL density after weight loss. In a study that examined the effects of exercise on lipoprotein lipids, neither HDL-C levels nor 45 presumably because many of the subjects failed to achieve a sufficient level of training. However, there were significant correlations between changes in LDL flotation rates and changes in TG and HDL levels and an inverse relation between changes in the buoyant LDL-I and dense LDL-III subclasses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relations of plasma TG and HDL-C concentrations to body composition and plasma insulin levels are altered in men with small LDL particles.

Katzel

Krauss

Goldberg

1994

Arterioscler Thromb

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Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subclass pattern B is characterized by a predominance of small, dense LDL particles (LDL peak particle size ^255 A), increased plasma triglyceride (TG) levels, reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, and glucose intolerance. This study tested the hypothesis that there are differences in the regulation of TG and HDL metabolism by insulin in patients with LDL pattern B. The study group comprised 160 healthy older (60±8 years, mean±SD) men. Forty-nine of the men (31%) had LDL pattern B. These men had a higher waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (0.98±0.06 versus 0.95±0.06, P<.005) and lower maximal aerobic capacity (Vo 2 max) (P<.005) than the 111 men of comparable age with a predominance of larger LDL particles (LDL peak particle size >255 A, LDL pattern A). Men with LDL pattern B also had higher TG (1.76+0.60 versus 1.03±0.41 mmol/L, P<.0001) and lower HDL cholesterol (0.83±0.13 versus 1.06±0.29 mmol/L, P<.0001) and percent HDL 2 subspecies (by gradient gel electrophoresis) (31±4 versus 43±6, P<.0001) levels than men with LDL pattern A, but the total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels did not differ between groups. Fasting glucose and insulin levels also did not differ between groups, but plasma glucose and insulin levels measured at 90 and 120 minutes during an oral glucose tolerance test were E levated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) and reduced levels of high-density (HDL) lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are risk factors for coronary artery disease. 1 -2 Both LDL and HDL are polymorphic and consist of different subclasses of particles of varying size, density, distribution, and composition. Most individuals can be classified on the basis of their LDL particle size distribution into one of two LDL subclass patterns.3 Individuals with a predominance of small LDL particles (LDL peak particle size <, 255 A) are characterized as having LDL subclass pattern B, while those with a predominance of larger, more buoyant LDL particles (LDL peak particle size >255 A) are characterized as having LDL subclass pattern A. Individuals with LDL pattern © 1994 American Heart Association, Inc.significantly higher in men with LDL pattern B. This was associated with a higher prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance in men with LDL B compared with men with LDL A (49% versus 24%, / > <.005). The differences in lipoprotein lipid levels and glucose tolerance between groups persisted after correcting for differences (by ANCOVA) in WHR and VOjmax. Multiple linear regression analyses with interaction terms demonstrated that the regression equations delineating the relations of plasma TG and HDL to insulin levels differed significantly; men with LDL pattern B had higher plasma TG and lower HDL cholesterol levels at each plasma insulin level than men with LDL pattern A (P<.001). The relation between HDL and TG levels and body composition also differed: men with LDL pattern B had lower HDL cholesterol levels at each percent body fat (P<.005) and higher TG levels at...

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“…In accordance with the assumptions concerning these pathways, many studies have shown a strong correlation of plasma triglycerides and the levels of very low-density lipoproteins with an increase in density as well as a decrease in size of the predominant LDL subspecies [13][14][15].…”

Section: Lipoprotein Subfractionsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Small dense low-density lipoprotein particles: priority as a treatment target in Type 2 diabetes?

Gerber¹,

Spinas²,

Berneis³

2012

Diabetes Management

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During the past two decades, the importance of the quality of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles -in addition to its quantity -has become of increasing interest. The risk of cardiovascular events was recognized to be closely linked to a predominance of small, dense LDL particles. In addition, in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, the disease itself and its severity (in particular the degree of insulin resistance) is associated with this subclass of LDL particles. Lipid lowering as well as antihyperglycemic drugs have been evaluated in many studies concerning their effect on LDL particle size. It has increasingly been recognized that a reduction of LDL quantity is not necessarily associated with a beneficial effect on LDL quality. Advances in the understanding of alterations in LDL quality may therefore influence the choice of the therapeutic regimen in patients with diabetes in the future. SummaryDuring the last two decades, the importance of the quality of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles -in addition to its quantity -has become of increasing interest. The risk of cardiovascular events was recognized to be closely linked to a predominance of small, dense LDL particles. In addition, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the disease itself and its severity (in particular the degree of insulin resistance) is associated with this subclass of LDL particles. Lipid lowering as well as antihyperglycemic drugs have been evaluated in many studies concerning their effect on LDL particle size. It has increasingly been recognized that a reduction of LDL quantity is not necessarily associated with a beneficial effect on LDL quality. Advances in the understanding of alterations in LDL quality may therefore influence the choice of the therapeutic regimen in patients with diabetes in the future.

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Coordinate changes in levels of human serum low and high density lipoprotein subclasses in healthy men.

Cited by 60 publications

References 17 publications

Metabolic origins and clinical significance of LDL heterogeneity

Metabolic origins and clinical significance of LDL heterogeneity

Relations of plasma TG and HDL-C concentrations to body composition and plasma insulin levels are altered in men with small LDL particles.

Small dense low-density lipoprotein particles: priority as a treatment target in Type 2 diabetes?

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