Coordinated Control of Wind Turbine and Energy Storage System for Reducing Wind Power Fluctuation

Abstract

This paper proposes a method for the coordinated control of a wind turbine and an energy storage system (ESS). Because wind power (WP) is highly dependent on wind speed, which is variable, severe stability problems can be caused in power systems, especially when the WP has a high penetration level. To solve this problem, many power generation corporations or grid operators have begun using ESSs. An ESS has very quick response and good performance for reducing the impact of WP fluctuation; however, its installation cost is high. Therefore, it is important to design the control algorithm by considering both the ESS capacity and WP fluctuation. Thus, we propose a control algorithm to mitigate the WP fluctuation by using the coordinated control between the wind turbine and the ESS by considering the ESS capacity and the WP fluctuation. Using de-loaded control, according to the WP fluctuation and ESS capacity, we can expand the ESS lifespan and improve grid reliability by avoiding the extreme value of state of charge (SoC) (i.e., 0 or 1 pu). The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated via MATLAB/Simulink by considering a small power system that includes both a wind turbine generator and conventional generators that react to system frequency deviation. We found that the proposed method has better performance in SoC management, thereby improving the frequency regulation by mitigating the impact of the WP fluctuation on the small power system.

The Effect of a Renewable Energy Certificate Incentive on Mitigating Wind Power Fluctuations: A Case Study of Jeju Island

“…The surplus variables in Equations (13) and (14) mitigate the deviation between the wind farm generation at time step t and the power at the PCC at time-step t − 1, along with the charging/discharging power at time-step t. In short, the surplus variables are assumed to be control variables to mitigate the variability in wind power generation.…”

“…With these advantages, the operation and the planning methods for an ESS have been introduced to improve wind farm operations. The coordinated control method for ESS integration with wind turbines was proposed to reduce wind power fluctuations and to extend ESS lifespan [14]. An adaptive supervisory control scheme was designed for wind turbine-integrated systems and ESSs to improve power qualities [15].…”

Proposals for Enhancing Frequency Control in Weak and Isolated Power Systems: Application to the Wind-Diesel Power System of San Cristobal Island-Ecuador

“…This procedure, also called wind power curtailment, is necessary since modern wind turbines incorporate a grid connection interface based on power electronics, and do not provide inertia to the system as the conventional synchronous generators actually do in a natural manner. When the penetration of wind energy increases, the inertial response of the system tends to degrade progressively, which represents a threat for the power supply continuity [6]. Real situations that confirm the aforementioned technical difficulties took place in the San Cristobal Island hybrid wind-diesel power system (SCHPS), located at the Galapagos Islands-Ecuador, where the high participation of wind energy in the load sharing caused partial and total power outages during the windiest season of 2015.…”

“…Nowadays, it is possible to find in the literature many scientific contributions aimed to face the technical issues associated with the significant integration of wind turbines into small power systems. For instance, works presented in [6][7][8][9][10][11] propose the use of additional energy storage systems such as batteries, ultra-capacitors, and flywheels, in order to absorb the fluctuating nature of the power injection from wind and, therefore, to reduce the induced frequency deviations in the grid. Although these solutions have proven to be the most effective, from a technical perspective, the costs associated with their installation and maintenance could constitute a drawback to consider.…”

Energy Storage Coordination in Energy Internet Based on Multi-Agent Particle Swarm Optimization

“…Barros et al [29] presented an approach to coordinate independent non-dispatchable generators and ES systems aiming to maximize the production of the generators so as to maximize their income. A control algorithm considering both ES system capacity and grid reliability was designed to mitigate wind power fluctuations [30]. In order to minimize the total cost of the hybrid renewable energy system consisting of a wind farm, photovoltaic plant, fuel cell and battery storage, a three design criteria optimal method was proposed [31].…”