In this paper, the problems of decentralized minimal-time planar formation control are investigated for both static and dynamic cases. For the static one, the discrete-time dynamics of multi-agent system in which each agent exchanges information according to a complex weighted network is studied. On the basis of a minimal polynomial, a decentralized minimal-time static formation method is proposed to compute the final formation positions of the agents in the minimal number of steps without global coordinates. The proposed method allows an arbitrarily chosen agent in the network to compute its final formation position. For the dynamic one in a leader-follower framework, the path information of the agents satisfies linear regression equations that are determined by interaction topology and input signals. In order to obtain the coefficients of such linear regression equations, a Kronecker-theorem-based algorithm is presented. Similar to the results for the static case, any agent is allowed to use the minimum number of successive history state values to compute the future dynamic formation track. The minimal number of steps can be computed by checking the rank condition of the Hankel matrix constructed in terms of the path information. Meanwhile, the simulation examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed minimal-time planar formation control methods. The results in the paper combine the matrix polynomial analysis into the framework of formation control design and show how to predict the motion of the agents in a decentralized manner. and rotations [7][8][9]. Distance-based approach was studied on the basis of graph rigidity, in which inter-agent distances were measured and controlled to achieve the desired formation [10][11][12][13][14]. Although the distance-based approach does not require the agents to share any global information of orientation, it is challenging to synthesize the control law for a group of agents. Therefore, a large number of literatures focused on the formation stability [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. In accordance with the potential function between each pair of connected agents, negative gradient control law was proposed to guarantee the global convergence [21]. The objective of [23,24] was to define a control law that is associated with the geometric topology. By correctly choosing the cost function and providing some redundancy in the formation topology, an optimization-based control that allows the system to avoid the loss of an agent was proposed.The control of moving formation shape was studied in [25][26][27]. The formation shape control and flocking behavior were combined when one changes from an agent with single integration to one with double integration [25]. On the basis of the backstepping technique, a nonlinear control law was given to solve the moving formation control problem of three agents in the plane [26]. Furthermore, the backstepping technique was used to synchronize the attitude of groups of ships [27]. For three-dimensional formation control, a meth...