Coordinated fuel cell system programs for government and commercial applications - Are we in a new era?

Warshay, M.; Prokopius, P. R.

doi:10.2514/6.1995-403

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Energy storage is usually provided by electrochem- ical batteries; although fuel cells have been used on missions such as Apollo and the Space Shuttle. 7 Electromechanical systems such as flywheels can also be used to store energy. Batteries generally come in two types: 1) primary (used once) and 2) secondary (rechargeable).…”

Section: Energy Storage: Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energy storage is usually accomplished through the use of rechargeable or secondary batteries; although fuel cells have been used, particularly on human missions. 7 PMAD, sometimes referred to as power conditioning and control, consists of regulators, converters, control circuits, etc., necessary to condition and transfer the power. In the following sections we will visit each of these three elements of the overall EPS by describing some of the new technologies available to improve EPS performance.…”

Section: Generic Electric Power Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Technologies for spacecraft electric power systems

Brandhorst

Chetty²,

Doherty³

et al. 1996

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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There is a growing push within the federal government and many private sector space organizations to build and launch spacecraft that are smaller, that can be built and deployed quicker, and that cost less. Even in the classic large communications satellites there is a push to reduce the utility mass so that more transponders can be added or the launch mass reduced, or some combination of both. Furthermore, there is pressure to spin off technologies into the commercial sector as well as to spin in technologies to the space program. The classic electrical power system consists of the power source, energy storage, and power management and distribution (PMAD). This article addresses these electrical power technologies, including high-performance photovoltaic devices, solar dynamic systems, batteries, and PMAD architectures, showing that in each case new technologies are available that can reduce the overall mass of the electrical power system by at least 50%.

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Section: Energy Storage: Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Generic Electric Power Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technologies for spacecraft electric power systems

Brandhorst

Chetty²,

Doherty³

et al. 1996

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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Entropy Based Design of Fuel Cells

Naterer

Tokarz

2005

Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology

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This article aims to develop an entropy based method of systematically improving efficiency of fuel cells. Entropy production of both electrochemical and thermofluid irreversibilities is formulated based on the Second Law. Ohmic, concentration, and activation irreversibilities occur within the electrodes, while thermal and friction irreversibilities occur within the fuel channel. These irreversibilities reduce the overall cell efficiency by generating voltage losses. Unlike past studies, this article considers fuel channel irreversibilities within the total entropy production, for both solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Predicted results of entropy production are shown at varying operating temperatures, surface resistances, and channel configurations. Numerical predictions are compared successfully against past measured data of voltage profiles, thereby providing useful validation of the entropy based formulation. The Second Law stipulates the maximum theoretical capability of energy conversion within the fuel cell. Unlike past methods characterizing voltage losses through overpotential or polarization curves, the entropy based method provides a useful alternative and systematic procedure for reducing voltage losses.

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Coordinated fuel cell system programs for government and commercial applications - Are we in a new era?

Abstract: Though the fuel cell was

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Technologies for spacecraft electric power systems

Technologies for spacecraft electric power systems

Entropy Based Design of Fuel Cells

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