Coordinated Improvement of Grain Yield and Protein Content in Dryland Wheat by Subsoiling and Optimum Planting Density

Zhang, J; Khan, Shahbaz; Sun, Mei; Gao, Zhi; Liang, Ye; Yang, Qinglu; Zhang, H Y; Li, N N

doi:10.15666/aeer/1606_78477866

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In particular, SS( x 2 ) and GOGAT( x 6 ) were more discrete. SS( x 2 ) was an important enzyme catalyzing sucrose synthesis in plants, and sucrose was broken down into soluble sugars for drought resistance in plants on the one hand, and synthesized biomass with soluble proteins on the other hand, making SS showed uncertainty on the biomass (Kaur et al, 2006 ; Zhang et al, 2018 ). Similarly, GOGAT( x 6 ) consuming amino acids used by plants for the biomass accumulation during growth defense, formed aspartic acid, which was used for plant drought resistance under the action of Pro and producing glutamate, soluble protein, which leads to biomass accumulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mathematical Model for Characterizing the Biomass and the Physiological/Biochemical Indicators of Salvia miltiorrhiza Based on Growth-Defense Tradeoff

Wang

Yan

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) metabolisms are important for plant growth and defense, and enzymes play a major role in these two metabolisms. Current studies show that the enzymes of N Metabolism, C Metabolism, and defense are correlated with biomass. Then, we conducted this research under the assumption that enzymes could characterize the relationship based on growth-defense tradeoff, and some of the enzymes could be used to represent the plant growth. From the mechanism model, we picked out 18 physiological/biochemical indicators and obtained the data from 24 tissue culture seedlings of Salvia miltiorrhiza (S.miltiorrhiza) which were grafted with 11 endophytic fungi. Then, the relationship between the biomass and the physiological/biochemical indicators was investigated by using statistical analysis, such as correlation analysis, variable screening, and regression analysis. The results showed that many physiological/biochemical indicators, especially enzyme activities, were related to biomass accumulation. Through a rigorous logical reasoning process, we established a mathematical model of the biomass and 6 key physiological/biochemical indicators, including glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GLS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and soluble protein from Cobb-Douglas production function. This model had high prediction accuracy, and it could simplify the measurement of biomass. During the artificial cultivation of S.miltiorrhiza, we can monitor the biomass accumulation by scaling the key physiological/biochemical indicators in the leaves. Interestingly, the coefficients of Lasso regression during our analysis were consistent with the mechanism of growth-defense tradeoff. Perhaps, the key physiological/biochemical indicators obtained in the statistical analysis are related to the indicators affecting biomass accumulation in practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mathematical Model for Characterizing the Biomass and the Physiological/Biochemical Indicators of Salvia miltiorrhiza Based on Growth-Defense Tradeoff

Wang

Yan

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Late-sown plants were exposed to higher GDD and higher precipitation in these phenological growth stages, which increased the total protein content of grain by 1-2%. The relationship between sowing density and the protein content of wheat grain is not unidirectional [11,147,[178][179][180][181][182][183][184]. Otteson et al [147], Nakano and Morita [180], Dragoş and Pîrşan [181], Jemal et al [182], and Guerrini et al [11] did not report any associations between sowing density and the protein content of grain.…”

Section: Protein Complex Quality and Enzyme Activity In Grainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A reverse relationship was reported by Hao et al [184], who found that an increase in sowing density from 200 to 250 live grains m −2 induced a 6% increase in the protein content of grain. In turn, Zhang et al [183] observed that the protein content of wheat grain was highest at a sowing density of 260 live grains m −2 , whereas lower or higher sowing densities decreased protein content by 3% [183]. Nitrogen fertilization is one of the key factors that affect the content and composition of protein in wheat grain [169].…”

Section: Protein Complex Quality and Enzyme Activity In Grainmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Quality of Winter Wheat Grain by Different Sowing Strategies and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates: A Case Study in Northeastern Poland

Lachutta,

Jankowski

2024

Agriculture

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The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of different sowing strategies and spring nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates on the technological quality of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain in terms of its milling quality, protein complex quality, and enzyme activity (falling number). Winter wheat grain for laboratory analyses was produced in a small-area field experiment conducted between 2018 and 2021 in the AES in Bałcyny (53°35′46.4″ N, 19°51′19.5″ E, NE Poland). The experimental variables were (i) sowing date (early: 6 September 2018, 5 September 2019, and 3 September 2020; delayed by 14 days: 17–20 September; and delayed by 28 days: 1–4 October), (ii) sowing density (200, 300, and 400 live grains m−2), and (iii) split application of N fertilizer in spring (40 + 100, 70 + 70, and 100 + 40 kg ha−1) at BBCH stages 22–25 and 30–31, respectively. A sowing delay of 14 and 28 days increased the bulk density (by 1 and 1.5 percent points (%p), respectively), vitreousness (by 3 and 6%p, respectively), and total protein content of grain (by 1% an 2%, respectively). A sowing delay of 14 days increased grain hardness (by 5%), the flour extraction rate (by 1.4%p), and the falling number (by 3%) while also decreasing grain uniformity (by 1.9%p). In turn, a sowing delay of 28 days increased the wet gluten content of grain (+0.5–0.6%p) and improved the quality of the protein complex in the Zeleny sedimentation test (+1.5%). An increase in sowing density from 200 to 300 live grains m−2 led to a decrease in grain uniformity (by 2.6%p), the total protein content (by 1.5%), and the wet gluten content of grain (by 0.7%p). A further increase in sowing density decreased grain vitreousness (by 1.4%p). The grain of winter wheat fertilized with 40 and 100 kg N ha−1 in BBCH stages 22–25 and 30–31, respectively, was characterized by the highest hardness (64.7), vitreousness (93%), flour extraction rate (73.9%), total protein content (134 g kg−1 DM), wet gluten content (36%), and Zeleny sedimentation index (69 mL).

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“…The research on metabolic enzymes in grains is less, especially the research on enzymes related to nitrogen (N) metabolism (Li et al ., 2012, 2017). Glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) are two important enzymes in N metabolism (Zhang et al ., 2018), which are essential for the formation and accumulation of wheat grain protein. The function of GS is to catalyse the ATP-dependent condensation of NH 3 with glutamate (Glu) to produce glutamine (Gln) (Obara et al ., 2001), with two major isomeric forms, GS1 and GS2 (Bernard et al ., 2008; Li et al ., 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of wheat powdery mildew on grain nitrogen metabolism

Gao

Niu

Liu³

et al. 2021

J. Agric. Sci.

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Glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) play a central role in plant nitrogen (N) metabolism. In order to study the effect of powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Bgt) on N metabolism, field experiments were carried out to evaluate GS and GOGAT activity, GS expression and grain protein content (GPC) in susceptible (Xi'nong 979) and resistant (Zhengmai 103) wheat cultivars under three treatments. The three treatments were no inoculation (CK), inoculated once with Bgt (MP) and inoculated nine times with Bgt (HP). For Xi'nong 979, the activities of GS and GOGAT in grains as well as GS activity in flag leaves increased at 10–15 days after anthesis (DAA), and decreased significantly at 15 or 20–30 DAA in HP and MP. However, GS activity in grains decreased from 20 DAA, which was later than that of flag leaves (15 DAA). At the same time, GS expression in grains was up-regulated at early stage, with GS1 at 10 DAA and GS2 at 15 DAA, followed by a continuous down-regulation. This result indicated that GS and GOGAT activity as well as GS expression were inhibited by powdery mildew, indicating that N metabolism in grains was inhibited at 20–30 DAA. The current study also found out that the yield of the susceptible cultivar decreased significantly, while its GPC increased obviously in HP. It was shown that the increase of GPC was not due to the enhancement of N metabolism, but due to the passive increase caused by yield reduction.

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Coordinated Improvement of Grain Yield and Protein Content in Dryland Wheat by Subsoiling and Optimum Planting Density

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

A Mathematical Model for Characterizing the Biomass and the Physiological/Biochemical Indicators of Salvia miltiorrhiza Based on Growth-Defense Tradeoff

A Mathematical Model for Characterizing the Biomass and the Physiological/Biochemical Indicators of Salvia miltiorrhiza Based on Growth-Defense Tradeoff

The Quality of Winter Wheat Grain by Different Sowing Strategies and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates: A Case Study in Northeastern Poland

Effect of wheat powdery mildew on grain nitrogen metabolism

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