Coordinated SMES and TCSC Damping Controller for Load Frequency Control of Multi Area Power System with Diverse Sources

Abstract

This paper investigates the load frequency analysis (LFC) of two area interconnected realistic power system with multi-fuel generating units. Each area consists of thermal, hydro and gas power generating plants. A new evolutionary algorithm is proposed, named Hybrid artificial electric field (HAEFA) optimization algorithm and integral square error (ISE) performance index is utilized to find classical PI/PID controller gains. Later, total analysis is carried out in presence of PID an account of its superiority functioning rather than PI. Moreover, the efficacy of the presented algorithm is deliberated by testing on two area conventional power system model of thermal unit with structure of non-reheat turbines and also on sphere benchmark function. As the load variation is dynamic in nature, mitigating the area frequency fluctuations and tie-line power variations could not been fulfilled by primary regulator and secondary controller. Effective governing needs additional devices. Therefore, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) devices are incorporated in both areas in addition to Thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) is connected in tie-line. Results, shows the system performance has been significantly improved with SMES and TCSC in the presence of HAEFA based PID controller. The potency of the HAEFA algorithm is compared with other optimizations covered in literature.

Power system wideband oscillation estimation, localization, and mitigation

“…In [31], the electrical torque analysis method is applied to a multimachine system and analyzes the effect of the flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) on the damping torque of the system. In [32], two types of damping controllers, TCSC and TCPS, are analyzed to obtain their damping effect on the system. However, its application in multi‐machine power systems has not been developed due to its cumbersome calculations. Eigenvalue analysis method : The eigenvalue analysis method is suitable for small disturbance stability analysis…”

Optimized Fractional Order Integral-Tilt Derivative Controller for Frequency Regulation of Interconnected Diverse Renewable Energy Resources

“…Optimization strategies to determine the parameters of the controller are equally important in the field of LFC. Researchers in the field of LFC have used a variety of optimization techniques, such as Artificial Electric Field Algorithm (AEFA) [18] FOTID controller optimized with Path Finder Algorithm (FPA) [19], Fitness Dependent Optimizer (FDO) [20], Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) [21], Firefly Algorithm (FA) [22], Harries Hawks Optimizer (HHO) [23], Frog Leaping Algorithm (FLA) [24], Marine Predator Algorithm (MPA) [25], Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) [26], Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO) [27], Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) [28], Fuzzy PID controller optimized with Improved Ant Colony Optimization (IACO) [29], Atomic Search Optimization (ASO) [30], Improved Fitness Dependent Optimizer (I-FDO) [31], Hybrid PSO based Gravitational Search Optimization (GSO) [32], Volleyball Premier League (VPL) based optimized fractional order control [33], Hybrid Differential Evolution (DE) with Pattern Search (PS) algorithm [? ], Hybrid Teaching-Learning Optimization with PS [34], Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA) based optimized I-TD controller [35] , Gorilla Troops Optimizer [36] and Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) [37] algorithm.…”

A Survey on FOPID Controllers for LFO Damping in Power Systems Using Synchronous Generators, FACTS Devices and Inverter-Based Power Plants

“…One of the important types of these devices is the thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC). This device has been proposed in many studies as a series compensator [76][77][78]. The internal structure of a TCSC is illustrated in Figure 6.…”