Acetylenic phosphaalkenes (APAs) are used as an ovel type of ligands for the stabilization of gold nanoparticles (AuNP). As demonstrated by avariety of experimental and analytical methods,both structural features of the APA, that is,t he P = Ca sw ell as the C Cu nits are essential for NP stabilization. The presence of intact APAs on the AuNP is demonstrated by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and first principle calculations indicate that bonding occurs most likely at defect sites on the Au surface.A uNPbound APAs are in chemical equilibrium with free APAs in solution, leading to ad ynamic behavior that can be explored for facile place-exchange reactions with other types of anchor groups such as thiols or more weakly binding phosphine ligands.Gold clusters at the nanoscale are generally stabilized by ac oordinating ligand shell.[1] Over the last years,t here has been af ocus on the development of novel anchoring groups for molecule-gold junctions that can overcome the insulating character of thiols which have traditionally been used in the context of molecular electronics.[2] As ageneral theme,these novel anchoring groups bind to the surfaces through ab ond that is orthogonal to aconjugated p-system. Recent examples of this strategy include the grafting of sp-hybridized acetylene termini directly onto AuNPs or flat gold surfaces (type A, Figure 1), [3] or the direct anchoring of phenyl (sp 2 ,type B) and benzyl groups (sp 3 ,t ype C) onto Au substrates,t he latter providing very efficient communication on the basis of ahyperconjugative interaction. [4] Owing to the close relationship between phosphorus and carbon, [5] also phosphorus-based ligands would most likely constitute promising candidates for this type of application, in particular as l 3 s 2 -phosphanes contain al one pair for Au binding,a sw ell as an orthogonal p-system that provides an alternative communication pathway.Stabilization and coating of defined gold clusters (e.g., eleven gold atoms) [6] and small nanoparticles (up to 1.5 nm) have hitherto been mostly limited to saturated l 3 s 3 -phosphanes (e.g., triphenyl phosphine,type D). [7] To the best of our knowledge,t he only example of using unsaturated phosphanes,namely l 3 -phosphinines (type E), as ligands for AuNP stabilization is areport by Le Floch and coworkers.[8] Interestingly,t hese ligands induced as ignificant redshift of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) compared to thiol-or phosphane-coated AuNPs, [8b] supporting the notion that sizeable communication operates across the AuÀ P phosphinine junction. Structural integrity of the surface-bound phosphinines is however debated in view of as olid-state MAS-NMR spectroscopic study. [9] With our interest to explore low-valent phosphoruscontaining systems for molecular electronics applications, [10] we were intrigued by the possibility to use phosphaalkenes as conducting anchoring groups on Au surfaces.T he inherent instability of phosphaalkenes has presumably kept many researchers from using l 3 s 2 -phosphanes for ...