Bismuth has received considerable attention and been widely used in many fields due to its relatively low toxicity and special properties. This paper reviews the physical and chemical characteristics of bismuth, summarizes its applications, and introduces the techniques for the determinations of bismuth. However, the long-term use of bismuth may also bring about some side effects and even toxicity to human body, which was described here as well. In the end, we conclude the current situation and potential future of bismuth in respects of application and determination.