Coordination Compounds of Aluminium with Lactic Acid

Sen, A. B.; Kapoor, Subodh N.

doi:10.1002/prac.19630220513

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The results from the actual investigation describe a strong effect of pH on aluminum liberation mediated by organic acids (lactate, acetate or malate) and their salts. At a pH of 9, aluminum hydroxide is formed and this is coordinated to the lactic acid or the corresponding salt [20]. At a high lactate concentration, the aluminum complex is also formed to a greater extent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminium Release and Fluid Warming: Provocational Setting and Devices at Risk

Perl

Kunze-Szikszay

Bräuer

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BACKGROUND: Fluid warming, recommended for fluid rates of > 500 ml h-1, is an integral part of patient temperature management strategies. Fluid warming devices using an uncoated aluminum containing heating element have been reported to liberate aluminum resulting in critical aluminum concentrations in heated fluids. We investigated saline solution (0.9%), artificially spiked with organic acids to determine the influence of fluid composition on aluminum liberation using the uncoated enFlow® device. Additionally the Level1® as a high volume fluid warming device and the ThermoSens® device were investigated. RESULTS: Saline solution spiked with lactate more than acetate, especially at a non acid pH, led to high aluminum liberation. Next to the enFlow® device, aluminum liberation was observed for the Level1® device, but not for the coated TermoSens®-device. CONCLUSION: Uncoated aluminum containing fluid warming devices lead to potential toxic levels of aluminum in heated fluids, especially in non acid fluids containing organic acids and their salts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminium Release and Fluid Warming: Provocational Setting and Devices at Risk

Perl

Kunze-Szikszay

Bräuer

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At a pH < 4, mainly Al 3+ is present and Al(OH) 2+ exists in the pH range between 4 and 6, while Al(OH) 4 − is predominant at pH > 8. At a pH of 9, aluminium hydroxide species is formed and this is coordinated to the lactic acid or the corresponding salt [22]. At a high lactate concentration, the aluminium complex is also formed to a greater extent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminium release and fluid warming: provocational setting and devices at risk

Perl¹,

Kunze-Szikszay²,

Bräuer³

et al. 2021

BMC Anesthesiol

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Background Fluid warming, recommended for fluid rates of > 500 ml h-1, is an integral part of patient temperature management strategies. Fluid warming devices using an uncoated aluminium containing heating element have been reported to liberate aluminium resulting in critical aluminium concentrations in heated fluids. We investigated saline solution (0.9%), artificially spiked with organic acids to determine the influence of fluid composition on aluminium release using the uncoated enFlow® device. Additionally, the Level1® as a high volume fluid warming device and the ThermoSens® device were investigated with artificial spiked fluid at high risk for aluminum release and a clinically used crystalloid solution. Results Saline solution spiked with lactate more than acetate, especially at a non neutral pH, led to high aluminium release. Next to the enFlow® device, aluminium release was observed for the Level1® device, but not for the coated ThermoSens®-device. Conclusion Uncoated aluminium containing fluid warming devices lead to potentially toxic levels of aluminium in heated fluids, especially in fluids with non-neutral pH containing organic acids and their salts like balanced electrolyte solutions.

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Coordination Compounds of Aluminium with Lactic Acid

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Aluminium Release and Fluid Warming: Provocational Setting and Devices at Risk

Aluminium Release and Fluid Warming: Provocational Setting and Devices at Risk

Aluminium release and fluid warming: provocational setting and devices at risk

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