Coordination of Tongue Activity During Swallowing in Mouth-breathing Children

Knösel, Michael; Klein, Sabine; Bleckmann, Annalen; Engelke, Wilfried

doi:10.1007/s00455-011-9383-8

Cited by 16 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Our findings of increased force and activity of the tongue-protruding muscles and a sustained contraction force, when accompanied by the lip incompetence in mouth breathing (9,20), suggest that, in mouth-breathing patients, changes in the tongue musculature may contribute to several malocclusions, thus altering the shape of the craniofacial complex. In cases of nasal obstruction, there could be not only increased activity of the tongue-protruding muscles, but also a possible increase in their force.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The possible maintenance of a forward tongue position with an increased force is critical for the effectiveness of orthodontic and myofunctional therapy in mouth-breathing children (20). Our findings of increased force and activity of the tongue-protruding muscles and a sustained contraction force, when accompanied by the lip incompetence in mouth breathing (9,20), suggest that, in mouth-breathing patients, changes in the tongue musculature may contribute to several malocclusions, thus altering the shape of the craniofacial complex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Effect of unilateral nasal obstruction on tongue protrusion forces in growing rats

Koecklin

Kato

Funaki

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Mouth breathing caused by nasal obstruction affects the normal growth and development of craniofacial structures, including changes in the orofacial muscles. Tongue muscles play an important role in patency of the pharyngeal airway, and changes in the breathing pattern may influence tongue function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of unilateral nasal obstruction during growth on contractile properties of the tongue-protruding muscles. Sixty 6-day-old male Wistar albino rats were divided randomly into control (n = 30) and experimental (n = 30) groups. Rats in the experimental group underwent a unilateral nasal obstruction after cauterization of the external nostril at the age of 8 days, and muscle contractile characteristics were measured at 5, 7, and 9 wk of age. The specific parameters measured were twitch force, contraction time, half-decay time, tetanic force, and fatigue index. Repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance was used for intergroup and intragroup statistical comparisons. Twitch contraction force and half-decay time were significantly increased in the experimental group at all ages. Tetanic forces at 60 and 80 Hz were significantly higher in the experimental group at all ages. The fatigue index was decreased significantly in the experimental group at the age of 5 wk. These results suggest that early unilateral nasal obstruction may increase the contraction force of the tongue-protruding muscles and prolong the duration of muscle contraction, which may influence the shape and development of the craniofacial complex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Effect of unilateral nasal obstruction on tongue protrusion forces in growing rats

Koecklin

Kato

Funaki

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…However, the posterior oral sealing is possibly adapted to be broken easily with lower nasal resistance to the airflow. 17,26,27 For those reasons, mouth breathing was objectively differentiated with incompetent lip using a CO 2 sensor, and normal nasal breathers were selected as subjects. Full-time mouth breathing was induced by occluding the nostrils with a nose clip.…”

Section: Clinical Implicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of mouth breathing on chewing efficiency

Nagaiwa

Gunjigake

Yamaguchi

2015

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To examine the effect of mouth breathing on chewing efficiency by evaluating masticatory variables. Materials and Methods: Ten adult nasal breathers with normal occlusion and no temporomandibular dysfunction were selected. Subjects were instructed to bite the chewing gum on the habitual side. While breathing through the mouth and nose, the glucide elution from the chewing gum, number of chewing strokes, duration of chewing, and electromyography (EMG) activity of the masseter muscle were evaluated as variables of masticatory efficiency. Results: The durations required for the chewing of 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 250 strokes were significantly (P , .05) longer while breathing through the mouth. There was no significant difference in the glucide elution rate (%) for each chewing stroke between nose and mouth breathings. The glucide elution rates for 1-and 3-minute chewing were significantly (P , .05) lower while breathing through the mouth. However, there was no significant difference in the glucide elution rate for 5-minute chewing between nose and mouth breathings. While chewing for 1, 3, and 5 minutes, the chewing stroke and EMG activity of the masseter muscle were significantly (P , .05) lower during mouth breathing. Conclusions: It takes a longer amount of time to complete chewing to obtain higher masticatory efficiency when breathing through the mouth. Therefore, mouth breathing will decrease the masticatory efficiency if the duration of chewing is restricted in everyday life. (Angle Orthod. 2016;86:227-234.)

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“…Any alteration of this physiologic system may induce deficits in the development of the stomatognathic system . Studies show, with a moderate level of evidence, a correlation between atypical swallowing in children and nasal obstruction; however, little research has been conducted into the dynamics of swallowing from the oral phase to the pharyngeal phase. A study of children with acute tonsillitis and recurrent tonsillitis showed abnormally high electric activity of the masseter and infrahyoid muscles during swallowing, indicating the importance of this investigation type …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swallowing patterns after adenotonsillectomy in children

Branco

Corrêa

Neves

et al. 2019

Pediatric Investigation

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Importance Hypertrophy of the pharyngeal and palatine tonsils can interfere with breathing, physical and cognitive development, and quality of life, including sleep quality. There are important relationships between the muscles of the airways, the anatomy, and the pattern of breathing and swallowing. Objective The aims of the present study were to evaluate the swallowing process in children after adenotonsillectomy undertaken to treat obstructive breathing disorders. Methods Subjects were 85 children or adolescents who underwent adenotonsillectomy in a reference hospital between 2003 and 2007. For the clinical evaluation of swallowing, the protocol of orofacial myofunctional evaluation with scores (OMES) was used, videofluoroscopy of deglutition was performed, and the Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) and Classification for Severity of Dysphagia to Videofluoroscopy Scale were applied for analysis. Results Out of the 85 evaluated children, 43 were male (50.59%), the average age at evaluation was 12.11 years, the average age at the time of surgery was 6.73 years, and post‐surgery time was 3.00–8.00 years. In the clinical evaluation of swallowing, half the sample (50.59%) recorded the poorest score for lip and tongue behavior. A score of 1 was observed in 67.06% of subjects for other behaviors, and in 15.30% of subjects for efficiency of swallowing. Videofluoroscopic analysis demonstrated that the most frequent swallowing alterations were labial sealing (50.59%), residue in vallecula (51.76%), and use of compensatory maneuvers (61.18%). Analysis of DOSS showed that normal swallowing was attributed to 48.31% of subjects at level 7, 44.95% at level 6, and 6.74% at level 5. For the Classification for Severity of Dysphagia to Videofluoroscopy, 75.28% were classified as having mild dysphagia. Interpretation Alterations in the dynamics of swallowing are common in children who have undergone surgery of the tonsils, even at late follow‐up.

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Coordination of Tongue Activity During Swallowing in Mouth-breathing Children

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of unilateral nasal obstruction on tongue protrusion forces in growing rats

Effect of unilateral nasal obstruction on tongue protrusion forces in growing rats

The effect of mouth breathing on chewing efficiency

Swallowing patterns after adenotonsillectomy in children

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