Coordination, the determinant of velocity specificity?

Abstract

Initial strength gains were examined in the context of learning a new skill. Forty female volunteers were randomly assigned to one of four groups: a bench-press training group utilizing heavy loads in its training, a bench-press training group utilizing almost no load, an alternative training group using different exercises, or a control group that did not train. Training period was 6 wk, with three training sessions per week. Emphasis was put on keeping the coordination and muscular adaptation demands in the bench-press groups as invariant as possible. Bench-press training with a light or with a heavy weight was shown to be equally effective in improving the maximal velocity of contraction for a given absolute resistance. Mean velocity with loads of 0.37, 6.6, 16.6, and 20 kg improved by 21.1, 15.8, 16.9, and 19.5%, respectively. No significant differences in the percent improvement at the four different loads were apparent, indicating that no significant velocity-specific adaptations were present. The bench-press training group, utilizing heavy loads in its training, was the only group with improved one repetition maximum. Overall, findings point to the development of coordination as the determining factor in early velocity-specific strength gains.

A comparison of the kinematics, kinetics and muscle activity between pneumatic and free weight resistance

“…Initiation of the eccentric phase was deWned as the Wrst instance of negative displacement, determined by searching the position array backwards from the point minimum displacement, which corresponded to the end of eccentric phase. The end of the concentric phase for the non ballistic conditions (FW and P) was deWned as the point of maximum displacement to maintain consistency with previous literature (Alamasbakk and HoV 1996;Asci and Acikada 2007;Cronin et al 2000Cronin et al , 2003Elliott et al 1989;JidovtseV et al 2006). For the ballistic analysis, the concentric phase was either terminated at the point at which the switch voltage rose above 1 V or maximum displacement, whichever occurred Wrst.…”

“…The end of the concentric phase was deWned as the point of peak displacement to maintain consistency with previous literature (Alamasbakk and HoV 1996;Asci and Acikada 2007;Cronin et al 2000Cronin et al , 2003Elliott et al 1989;JidovtseV et al 2006), but also to provide a comparison of the associated momentum between pneumatic and free weight resistance. As highlighted in Fig.…”

Efeito Da Pré-Temporada No Desempenho De Atletas De Futebol Feminino

“…Segundo Siegler et al 15 e Almásbakk e Hoff 16 , treinamentos de pliometria, força e anaeróbio de alta intensidade e a combinação de treinamento de força máxima com movimentos de alta velocidade ou potência, respectivamente, demonstram melhoras na potência. Estudo voltado para o treinamento de pliometria com jogadores de futebol mostrou que um período curto desse método de treino, influencia de maneira positiva o desempenho atlético 17 .…”

“…Embora as ações de velocidade contribuam, somente, com ~11% da distância total percorrida, constituem os momentos cruciais do jogo 20 . Segundo Stølen et al 2 existe grande relação entre força máxima e testes de sprint de 30 m. Em seu estudo, Almasbakk e Hoff 16 observaram que a combinação de treinamento de força máxima com movimentos de alta velocidade ou potência ocasionaram melhores resultados do que somente o treinamento de velocidade. Durante a fase de preparação observa-se grande volume de treinamento da força máxima, podendo ser um dos fatores que tenha influenciado a melhora na velocidade das atletas.…”

Power absorption and production during slow, large-amplitude stretch-shorten cycle motions

“…It would seem that techniques that promote the development of maximal strength above velocity of contraction might aid power absorption to better effect. Maximal advantage may be gained if highload movements were to be trained with the neural intent to move the load as rapidly as possible (Almasbakk and Hoff 1996;Behm and Sale 1993). It may be that such training would have the added advantage of producing neural as well as hypertrophic adaptation.…”