Copepods act as a switch between alternative trophic cascades in marine pelagic food webs

Stibor, Herwig; Vadstein, Ôlav; Diehl, Sebastian; Gelzleichter, Anna; Hansen, Thomas; Hantzsche, Florian; Katechakis, Alexis; Lippert, Bettina; Løseth, Kjetil; Peters, Claudia; Roederer, Wendy; Sandow, Marcel; Sundt-Hansen, Line Elisabeth Breivik; Ôlsen, Yngvar

doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00580.x

Cited by 172 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The cascading effect was generally neglected for mesozooplankton feeding until when an attempt to calculate the real mesozooplankton grazing rate on phytoplankton by correction factor was published by Nejstgaard et al (2001). Overall, trophic cascades induced by marine mesozooplankton are still not received much attention due to difficult quantification (Froneman, 2002;Stibor et al, 2004;Sommer and Sommer, 2006;Zöllner et al, 2009). attempted to quantify the trophic cascading rate by investigating the difference of microzooplankton grazing rate caused by copepod predation through laboratory simulation.…”

Section: Discussion the Net Effect Of Mesozooplankton Feeding On Phytmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variability of Mesozooplankton Feeding Rates on Phytoplankton in Subtropical Coastal and Estuarine Waters

2017

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In order to understand how mesozooplankton assemblages influenced phytoplankton in coastal and estuarine waters, we carried out a monthly investigation on mesozooplankton composition at two contrasting stations of Hong Kong coastal and estuarine waters and simultaneously conducted bottle incubation feeding experiments. The assemblage of mesozooplankton was omnivorous at both stations with varying carnivory degree (the degree of feeding preference of protozoa and animal food to phytoplankton) and the variations of carnivory degree were significantly associated with microzooplankton biomass (ciliates for the coastal station, both ciliates and dinoflagellates for the estuarine stations) and physical environmental parameters (primarily salinity). High carnivory was primarily due to high composition of noctilucales, Corycaeus spp., Oithona spp. and Acartia spp. Results of feeding experiments showed that grazing impacts on phytoplankton ranged from −5.9 to 17.7%, while the mean impacts were just <4% at both stations. The impacts were size-dependent, by which mesozooplankton consumed around 9% of large-sized phytoplankton while indirectly caused an increase of 4% of small-sized phytoplankton. Mesozooplankton clearance rate on phytoplankton, calculated from the log response of chlorophyll a concentrations by the introduction of bulk grazers after 1-day incubation, was significantly reduced by increasing carnivory degree of the mesozooplankton assemblage. The mechanism for the reduction of mesozooplankton clearance rate with increasing carnivory degree was primarily due to less efficient of filtering feeding and stronger trophic cascades due to suppression of microzooplankton. The feeding rates of mesozooplankton on microzooplankton were not obtained in this study, but the trophic cascades indirectly induced by mesozooplankton carnivorous feeding can be observed by the negative clearance rate on small-sized phytoplankton. Overall, the main significance of this study is the empirical relationship between carnivory degree and clearance rate, which allow researchers to potentially predict the herbivory of mesozooplankton in the nature without conducting feeding experiments.

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Section: Discussion the Net Effect Of Mesozooplankton Feeding On Phytmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variability of Mesozooplankton Feeding Rates on Phytoplankton in Subtropical Coastal and Estuarine Waters

2017

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“…For example, the importance of krill in subarctic waters seems to be a clear consequence of its special position in the network (Ducklow et al 2007;Smith et al 2007). Wasp-waist species are often not only major interactors, but also the key regulators of both higher and lower trophic levels: their behaviour may switch between alternative energy pathways (Chavez et al 2003;Stibor et al 2004;Murphy et al 2007). They also behave as major energy gates (Margalef 1968); and their strange dynamics may be a simple consequence of their particular network position (Jordán et al 2005).…”

Section: Key Positions In Food Websmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keystone species and food webs

Jordán

2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

243

194

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Different species are of different importance in maintaining ecosystem functions in natural communities. Quantitative approaches are needed to identify unusually important or influential, 'keystone' species particularly for conservation purposes. Since the importance of some species may largely be the consequence of their rich interaction structure, one possible quantitative approach to identify the most influential species is to study their position in the network of interspecific interactions. In this paper, I discuss the role of network analysis (and centrality indices in particular) in this process and present a new and simple approach to characterizing the interaction structures of each species in a complex network. Understanding the linkage between structure and dynamics is a condition to test the results of topological studies, I briefly overview our current knowledge on this issue. The study of key nodes in networks has become an increasingly general interest in several disciplines: I will discuss some parallels. Finally, I will argue that conservation biology needs to devote more attention to identify and conserve keystone species and relatively less attention to rarity.

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“…Copepods dominate marine mesozooplankton communities, whereas cladocerans (mainly Daphnia) often dominate in lentic freshwater systems. Copepods have complex life histories with relatively long development times and graze selectively on larger-sized algae ([20 lm) and ciliates, which releases small-sized cells from grazing by microzooplankton (Sommer et al 2001;Stibor et al 2004). In contrast, Daphnia feed nonselectively on a broad size range of algae and protists, and parthenogenetic reproduction enables fast population growth (Sommer et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spring phenological responses of marine and freshwater plankton to changing temperature and light conditions

et al. 2012

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Shifts in the timing and magnitude of the spring plankton bloom in response to climate change have been observed across a wide range of aquatic systems. We used meta-analysis to investigate phenological responses of marine and freshwater plankton communities in mesocosms subjected to experimental manipulations of temperature and light intensity. Systems differed with respect to the dominant mesozooplankton (copepods in seawater and daphnids in freshwater). Higher water temperatures advanced the bloom timing of most functional plankton groups in both marine and freshwater systems. In contrast to timing, responses of bloom magnitudes were more variable among taxa and systems and were influenced by light intensity and trophic interactions. Increased light levels increased the magnitude of the spring peaks of most phytoplankton taxa and of total phytoplankton biomass. Intensified size-selective grazing of copepods in warming scenarios affected phytoplankton size structure and lowered intermediate (20-200 lm)-sized phytoplankton in marine systems. In contrast, plankton peak magnitudes in freshwater systems were unaffected by temperature, but decreased at lower light intensities, suggesting that filter feeding daphnids are sensitive to changes in algal carrying capacity as mediated by light supply. Our analysis confirms the general shift toward earlier blooms at increased temperature in both marine and freshwater systems and supports predictions that effects of climate change on plankton production will vary among sites, depending on resource limitation and species composition.

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Copepods act as a switch between alternative trophic cascades in marine pelagic food webs

Cited by 172 publications

References 46 publications

Seasonal Variability of Mesozooplankton Feeding Rates on Phytoplankton in Subtropical Coastal and Estuarine Waters

Seasonal Variability of Mesozooplankton Feeding Rates on Phytoplankton in Subtropical Coastal and Estuarine Waters

Keystone species and food webs

Spring phenological responses of marine and freshwater plankton to changing temperature and light conditions

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