Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 5

Abstract

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Mesoscale productivity fronts and local fishing opportunities in the European Seas

“…As a result, commercialderived LPUEs, at two different spatial resolutions, and CPUEs from scientific surveys, were associated with the estimate of potential fish production coherently integrated in space and time. (Druon et al, 2012(Druon et al, , 2021. The norm of the chlorophyll-a gradient (gradCHL) was derived from the daily chlorophyll-a data, using a bidirectional gradient over a three-by-three grid-cell window as follows:…”

“…The use of a generic spatial estimate of ocean productivity available to fish based on chlorophyll-a gradients and productivity fronts (OPFish) can allow advances in marine ecosystem science as (i) it provides a direct, observation-based and local estimate of secondary production in relative levels but comparable in space and time at the global scale (Druon et al, 2019(Druon et al, , 2021, (ii) it can identify pelagic feeding hotspots for the higher trophic levels in the last two decades and in real time and (iii) it can be used operationally to increase the robustness of species habitat and full ecosystem analyses (Hernvann et al, 2020). At this stage, the Harvest index relative to ocean productivity (H P index) may enhance awareness that local overfishing of the pelagic or demersal species community may be linked to excessive fishing pressure compared to local productivity.…”

“…It furthermore helps anticipate the adaptation needs caused by the current change of climate. While the global frequency of productivity fronts appears to be stable over the period 2003-2019 despite the warming of the surface ocean, it also shows substantial positive and negative trends at the regional scale (Druon et al, 2021). Additionally, the OPFish is one of the recently introduced products processed in real time of the eStation 2.0, an Earth Observation processing system (Clerici et al, 2013, https…”

A Coastal Flood Early-Warning System Based on Offshore Sea State Forecasts and Artificial Neural Networks

“…Beyond this period, it is very likely that the nearshore geomorphological conditions will change (e.g., due to erosion of the coastal front) or coastal protection works be constructed, affecting the wave overtopping process. According to the recently published Ocean State Report 5 from the Copernicus Marine Service and Mercator Ocean International [43] the trend of mean sea level rise of the Mediterranean Sea (where Rethymno is located), from 1993 to 2020, was +0.25 (±0.083) cm/yr. By conservatively adopting the upper limit of this trend (i.e., +0.33 cm/yr) the mean sea level, in the coastal front of Rethymno, will rise by 3.33 cm in ten years.…”

The role of heat wave events on the occurrence and persistence of thermal stratification in the southern North Sea

“…as a rapidly growing field of research due to its substantial influence on marine hydrodynamics and ecosystems (Wernberg et al, 2013(Wernberg et al, , 2016Oliver et al, 2020). In the North Sea, waters are predicted to be warming fastest relative to global levels and are highly impacted by the extreme meteorological events (Smale et al, 2019;Hobday and Pecl, 2014); the concequences of MHWs however, have received much less attention (Wakelin et al, 2021).…”