Coping Styles Among Individuals with Severe Mental Illness and Comorbid PTSD

McNeill, Shannon A.; Galovski, Tara E.

doi:10.1007/s10597-015-9887-z

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(260 reference statements)

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“…[2] Additionally, PTSD symptoms correlated with dysfunction in daily living, depression, anxiety, impulsive behavior, relationships, and psychosis, consistent with research suggesting PTSD compounds difficulties for patients with SMI. [2,7,9] Though the majority of patients reported elevated PTSD symptoms, only 5.3% of the total sample received a primary or secondary diagnosis of PTSD, supporting previous findings of PTSD's possible under-diagnosis in this population. [13,14] However, further analyses indicate complexity in the diagnostic landscape of an inpatient setting.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…While exposure to trauma does not guarantee the development of PTSD symptoms, individuals with SMI also have a higher number of overall trauma exposures than individuals without SMI, and amount of cumulative trauma exposure relates to the presence and severity of PTSD symptoms in patients with SMI. [6] Patients with both SMI and PTSD symptoms report greater severity of psychological distress and slower recovery than both patients with SMI alone [2,7] and patients with SMI and trauma exposure but no PTSD symptoms. [8] Research has supported models which propose PTSD symptoms interact with SMI and increase the severity of SMI symptoms in patients who have experienced trauma, [8][9][10] yet in many treatment settings, recognition and treatment of PTSD is secondary to management of SMI symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Presence and influence of trauma in inpatient psychiatric care

Nowlin¹,

Brown²,

Ingram³

et al. 2019

IJH

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Background: Previous research indicates traumatic exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occur at a higher rate in people with severe mental illness (SMI) than in the general population, and co-occurring PTSD symptoms can worsen outcomes for patients with SMI.Objective: This study assessed the presence and influence of PTSD symptoms in individuals with SMI in an inpatient psychiatric setting, and rates of PTSD diagnoses in this population.Methods: Retrospective analysis of demographic information and behavioral health outcomes, using a representative sample of adult and geriatric inpatient psychiatric patients (N = 4,126).Results: This study found elevated PTSD symptoms in over 65% of patients, and significant positive correlations between PTSD symptomatology and behavioral and emotional dysfunction. This study also explored differences in patients with PTSD symptoms who did and did not receive a PTSD diagnosis, finding associations for admission severity, race, and gender.Conclusions: Traumatization and PTSD symptoms were prevalent in psychiatric inpatient settings, and had an impact on behavioral health outcomes. Recommendations include the use of PTSD screening in behavioral healthcare admission processes, and the furtherance of trauma-informed care for inpatient psychiatric patients with SMI, due to the volume of traumatization and PTSD symptoms in the population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence and influence of trauma in inpatient psychiatric care

Nowlin¹,

Brown²,

Ingram³

et al. 2019

IJH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Many previous studies have demonstrated that coping style is related to psychological outcome among individuals who have experienced trauma [34,35]. Furthermore, Bonanno and his team found that deficits in coping flexibility were indicative of pathology in bereaved individuals [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of recovery from post-traumatic stress disorder after the dongting lake flood in China: a 13–14 year follow-up study

et al. 2016

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BackgroundFloods are some of the most common and destructive natural disasters in the world, potentially leading to both physical injuries and psychological disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD can damage functional capacity and interfere with social functioning. However, little is known about recovery from PTSD after floods. This study used 2013–2014 follow-up data on survivors of the 1998 Dongting Lake flood who were diagnosed with PTSD in 2000 to measure the prevalence rate of PTSD at follow-up and identify predictors of recovery from the PTSD diagnosis in 2000.MethodsParticipants included survivors who had been diagnosed as having PTSD in 2000 after the 1998 Dongting Lake flood. PTSD at follow-up was reassessed using the PTSD Checklist-Civilian version. Information on demographics, trauma-related stressors, post-trauma stressors, social support, and coping style were collected through face-to-face interviews. The association between the independent variables and PTSD at follow-up was analyzed using logistic regression analyses.ResultsA total of 201 participants with a PTSD diagnosis in 2000 were included in this study. A total of 19.4 % of the flood survivors with PTSD in 2000 continued to suffer from PTSD in 2013–2014. In the multivariable logistic regression model, individuals who had lost relatives (OR = 12.37, 95 % CI = 2.46–62.16), suffered from bodily injury (OR = 5.01, 95 % CI = 1.92–13.08), had a low level of social support (OR = 5.47, 95 % CI = 1.07–27.80), or had a negative coping style (OR = 4.92, 95 % CI = 1.89–12.81) were less likely to recover from PTSD.ConclusionsThe prevalence rate of PTSD at follow-up indicates that natural disasters such as floods may have a negative influence on survivors’ mental health for an extended period of time. Individuals who have lost relatives, suffered from bodily injury, had a low level of social support, or had a negative coping style were less likely to recover from PTSD. Therefore, effective psychological intervention measures are necessary for facilitating the recovery process from PTSD, especially for individuals with adverse prognostic factors.

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“…PTSD itself negatively affects the course of SMI. The study by McNeill et al [27] also showed that patients with PTSD in SMI have increased avoidance coping which leads to significant psychological distress and a more highly taxed psychiatric state. After stressful events, those with SMI and PTSD are at greater risk of engaging in life-endangering behaviors, and are at greater danger of attempting suicide than those with SMI alone [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not recognized enough: The effects and associations of trauma and intellectual disability in severely mentally ill outpatients

et al. 2019

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Background:Little is known about the association between trauma and intellectual disability in SMI patients.Aim:To establish the prevalence of trauma and its association with intellectual functioning in SMI outpatients.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in two mental health trusts in the Netherlands. We used the Trauma Screening Questionnaire (TSQ) to screen for trauma and PTSD, and the Screener for Intelligence and Learning disabilities (SCIL) for suspected MID/BIF. Chi-square and t-tests were used to test differences in outcome over patient characteristics. Post-hoc analysis was used to investigate gender differences between patients with and without MID/BIF on trauma and sexual trauma.Results:Any trauma was found in 86% of 570 patients and 42% were suspected for PTSD. The SCIL suggested that 40% had Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF), half of whom were suspected of having Mild Intellectual Disability (MID). These patients had more traumatic experiences (1.89 in BIF, 1.75 in MID, against 1.41 in SCIL-negative patients). Female MID/BIF patients (61%) had experienced significantly more sexual abuse than male MID/BIF patients (23%).Conclusions:Significantly more SMI outpatients who screened positive for MID/BIF reported having experienced traumatic events than those who screened negative. Rates of all trauma categories were significantly higher in the screen-positive group, who were also more likely to have PTSD. Sexual abuse occurred more in all females but the SCIL positive women are even more often victim. Clinical practice has to pay more attention to all of these issues, especially when they occur together in a single patient.

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Coping Styles Among Individuals with Severe Mental Illness and Comorbid PTSD

Cited by 13 publications

References 119 publications

Presence and influence of trauma in inpatient psychiatric care

Presence and influence of trauma in inpatient psychiatric care

Predictors of recovery from post-traumatic stress disorder after the dongting lake flood in China: a 13–14 year follow-up study

Not recognized enough: The effects and associations of trauma and intellectual disability in severely mentally ill outpatients

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