Coping with Exposure to Violence: Relations to Emotional Symptoms and Aggression in Three Urban Samples

Boxer, Paul; Morris, Amanda Sheffield; Terranova, Andrew M.; Kithakye, Mumbe; Savoy, Sarah; McFaul, Adrienne F.

doi:10.1007/s10826-008-9196-z

Cited by 54 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Inconsistent with predictions, gender did not emerge as a moderator of the interaction between violence exposure and internalizing symptoms. Some of the results of the current study are consistent with previous studies examining a desensitization hypothesis (Boxer et al 2008;Ng-Mak et al 2004). Although desensitization models suggest that youth exposed to high levels of violence may begin to show emotional numbing (i.e., lower rates of distress), alternative explanations should be considered.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…However, much of this research focuses on the link between sexual assault and anxiety (Buka et al 2001;Breslau et al 2004), and sexual assault was not assessed in the current study because the MESA does not include items for sexual assault. Some studies of exposure to community violence include sexual assault (e.g., McCart et al 2007;Rosario et al 2008), while others do not (e.g., Boxer et al 2008;Chen 2009). Nevertheless, to fully understand the complex interplay between violence exposure, gender, and symptomatology, future research examining gender differences may benefit from including sexual assault.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of Exposure to Community Violence on Internalizing Symptoms: Does Desensitization to Violence Occur in African American Youth?

Gaylord‐Harden

Cunningham

Zelencik

2011

J Abnorm Child Psychol

127

125

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The purpose of the current study was to examine the linear and curvilinear associations of exposure to community violence to internalizing symptoms in 251 African American adolescents (mean age = 12.86, SD = 1.28). Participants reported on exposure to community violence, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms. Regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses and, consistent with predictions, the results indicated that the association between violence and depression was curvilinear; whereas the association to anxiety was linear and positive. The results highlight the importance of considering more complex models of the impact of exposure to community violence on psychological functioning in African American youth from economically-disadvantaged communities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exposure to Community Violence on Internalizing Symptoms: Does Desensitization to Violence Occur in African American Youth?

Gaylord‐Harden

Cunningham

Zelencik

2011

J Abnorm Child Psychol

127

125

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“…In the previous studies, aggression was interpreted to have significant positive relations with ineffective strategies such as negative coping Van Dat Run, 2016), passive coping (Remillard and Lamb, 2005), emotion-focused coping (Ben-Zur and Yagil, 2005), ineffective coping (Basut, 2004) and avoiding coping (Boxer et al 2008). The result of this research is consistent with the findings of the researches mentioned above.…”

Section: Discussion Conclusion and Recommendationssupporting

confidence: 88%

A Model to Explain the Observed Tendency to Aggression in University Students

Yazıcı¹,

Camadan²

2016

HUJE

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Some approaches in psychology (e.g. Psychoanalysis) define aggression as an inborn behavior while some others (e.g. Behaviorism) define it as an acquired behavior. However, today it is a more widely admitted idea that aggression is a product of heredity-environment interactions and it has a relation with different psycho-social variables. It is observed that aggression was tried to be explained by more basic research models in previous studies. In this study; however, it was preferred to form a complex model to explain aggression selected as a dependent variable. The main objective of the study in this context is to examine the relation between aggression and the variables of perfectionism, forgiveness and coping with stress. The study group consists of 2744 university students studying in seven different cities. The data of the study was analyzed with the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results obtained from the study show that aggression is explained significantly by the variables of perfectionism (β=.13; p<.001), forgiveness (β=-.40; p<.001) and negative and passive coping (β=.17; p<.001). Some of the results show similarities with the previous findings while the others have some differences. In consideration of the results, some suggestions were made for the implementation process and for further researches. Keywords: Aggression, perfectionism, forgiveness, coping ÖZ: Psikoloji alanındaki bazı yaklaşımlar (ör. Psikanaliz) saldırganlığı doğuştan getirilen, bazıları ise (ör. Davranışçılık) sonradan kazanılan bir davranış olarak tanımlar. Bununla birlikte bu davranışın kalıtım-çevre etkileşiminin bir ürünü olduğu ve farklı psiko-sosyal değişkenlerle ilişki sergilediği, günümüzde daha yaygın kabul edilen bir görüştür. Önceki çalışmalarda, saldırganlık eğilimlerinin daha basit araştırma modelleriyle açıklanmaya çalışıldığı gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada bağımlı değişken olarak seçilen saldırganlığı daha iyi açıklamak için karmaşık bir modelin oluşturulması tercih edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın temel amacı; saldırganlık eğilimlerinin, mükemmeliyetçilik, affetme ve stresle başa çıkma değişkenleriyle ilişkilerini incelemektir. Araştırma grubu, Türkiye'nin farklı şehirlerinde bulunan yedi üniversitede öğrenim gören, 2744 öğrenciden (Kız= 1493, Erkek=1251) oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın verileri Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (YEM) ve bazı çıkarımlı istatistik teknikleriyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, saldırganlık eğilimlerinin mükemmeliyetçilik (β=.13; p<.001), affetme (β=-.40; p<.001) ve olumsuz ve edilgen başa çıkma (β=.17; p<.001) değişkenleri tarafından anlamlı düzeyde açıklandığını göstermiştir. Sonuçların bir kısmı önceki araştırma bulgularıyla benzerlik gösterirken, bazılarında farklılıklara rastlanmıştır. Sonuçlar ışığında uygulama sürecine ve ileride yapılacak araştırmalara ilişkin öneriler getirilmiştir.

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“…In studies of real-life violence exposure, greater acceptance of violence or more normative beliefs about violence mediated concurrent and short-term effects of exposure to community, home and peer violence on aggressive behavior (Allwood & Bell, 2008; Boxer et al, 2008; Guerra, Huesmann, & Spindler, 2003; Schwartz & Proctor, 2000; Su, Mrug & Windle, 2010). In lab-based studies with college students, less aversive brain reactions to violent pictures mediated the effects of violent video game playing on lab measures of aggressive behavior (Bartholow, Bushman, & Sestir, 2006; Engelhardt, Bartholow, Kerr, & Bushman, 2011), suggesting a mediating role of emotional desensitization.…”

Section: Emotional Desensitization As a Risk Factor For More Violent mentioning

confidence: 98%

Emotional Desensitization to Violence Contributes to Adolescents’ Violent Behavior

Mrug

Madan

Windle

2015

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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Many adolescents are exposed to violence in their schools, communities and homes. Exposure to violence at high levels or across multiple contexts has been linked with emotional desensitization, indicated by low levels of internalizing symptoms. However, the long-term consequences of such desensitization are unknown. This study examined emotional desensitization to violence, together with externalizing problems, as mediators of the relationship between exposure to violence in pre-adolescence and violent behavior in late adolescence. A community sample of youth (N=704; 48% female; 76% African American, 22% Caucasian) reported on their exposure to violence in multiple settings at ages 11, 13 and 18. Internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed at ages 11 and 13; violent behavior was measured at age 18. Structural Equation Modeling showed that exposure to high levels of violence at age 11 was associated with lower levels of internalizing problems (quadratic effect) at age 13, as was exposure to violence across multiple contexts (linear effect). In turn, fewer internalizing problems and more externalizing problems at age 13 predicted more violent behavior at age 18. The results suggest that emotional desensitization to violence in early adolescence contributes to serious violence in late adolescence.

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Coping with Exposure to Violence: Relations to Emotional Symptoms and Aggression in Three Urban Samples

Cited by 54 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of Exposure to Community Violence on Internalizing Symptoms: Does Desensitization to Violence Occur in African American Youth?

Effects of Exposure to Community Violence on Internalizing Symptoms: Does Desensitization to Violence Occur in African American Youth?

A Model to Explain the Observed Tendency to Aggression in University Students

Emotional Desensitization to Violence Contributes to Adolescents’ Violent Behavior

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