Coping with ottoman turkish genocide: An exploration of the experience of armenian survivors

Kalayjian, Anie; Shahinian, Siroon P.; Gergerian, Edmund L.; Saraydarian, Lisa

doi:10.1007/bf02116835

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Also similar to Holocaust survivor families (Kav-Venaki et al, 1983;Major, 1996;Wiseman et al, 2006), Kalayjian et al (1996) found that Armenian participants had seldom spoken about their experiences; those who spoke about their experiences only did so with others of Armenian descent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Japanese-American internees also exhibited the same reluctance to speak about their experiences (Nagata, 1993) as evidenced by Holocaust (Kav-Venaki et al, 1983;Major, 1996;Wiseman et al, 2006) and Armenian Genocide survivor families (Kalayjian et al, 1996). More specifically, Japanese-American survey participants noted that fathers displayed greater reluctance to speak about their internee experiences and that twice as many formerly interned fathers died before the age of 60 as compared to non-interned fathers.…”

Section: Children Of Japanese-american Second World War Internees Fomentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Even though an increase in intergenerational communication was seen in the second study, the conversations were of short duration, usually 15 minutes or less. Lengthy discussion still remained rare and mirrored earlier studies of transgenerational trauma communication in Japanese-American families with a history of WWII internment (Nagata, 1990;Nagata, 1993;Nagata, Trierweiler, & Talbot, 1999) and survivor families of genocide (Auerhahn & Laub, 1998;Felsen, 1998;Kalayjian et al, 1996;Solomon, 1988). Nagata (1993) reported that WWII internment of 110,000 Japanese-Americans facilitated a degeneration of Japanese cultural identity, since second generation participants perceived their survivor parents as having actively discouraged Japanese language and culture -in order to appear less ethnically Japanese.…”

Section: Children Of Japanese-american Second World War Internees Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And although no longer serving any protective strategy for offspring, children of survivors may learn to not endorse or even be ashamed of their ethnic identity -as learned from their parents and social environment. In fact, evidence suggests that non-willingness to endorse ethnic identity (Major, 1996) and shame (Harkness, 1993;Kalayjian et al, 1996;Kupelian, 1993;Lev-Wiesel, 2007;Major, 1996;Nagata, 1993;Rowland-Klein & Dunlop, 1997) are, indeed, intergenerationally transmitted into children of survivor parents of collective trauma.…”

Section: Models Theories and Mechanisms Of Trauma Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most Armenian survivors expressed anger and rage when asked about continued Turkish denial of the genocide (Kalayjian et al, 1996). However, unlike their parents and grandparents, the third generation also expressed their desire for redress from the Turkish government and exhibited greater participation in Armenian political organizations, as opposed to American organizations (Kassabian, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of intergenerational transmission of trauma from the Holodomor Genocide of 1932-1933 in Ukraine

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Children Of Japanese-american Second World War Internees Fomentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Children Of Japanese-american Second World War Internees Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Models Theories and Mechanisms Of Trauma Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of intergenerational transmission of trauma from the Holodomor Genocide of 1932-1933 in Ukraine

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The impact of acknowledgement and denial of responsibility for harm on victim groups' perceptions of justice, power, and intergroup attitudes

Iqbal

Bilali

2017

Euro J Social Psych

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Acknowledgement of responsibility for in‐group harmdoing is considered a precondition for reconciliation. However, we know little about its impact on victim groups. Using a mixed methods approach, in two studies in Bangladesh we examined the role of acknowledgement and denial of responsibility on intergroup outcomes. Study 1 used an open‐ended survey to assess Bangladeshis' perceptions about acknowledgement and denial of responsibility for the mass violence committed by the Pakistani army on Bangladeshis during the 1971 war. Study 2 experimentally examined the effects and the potential mechanisms (emotional reactions, perceived injustice, and relative power) through which acknowledgement and denial of responsibility impact two intergroup outcomes: out‐group animosity and willingness for contact. Both studies demonstrated the importance of anger and perceived injustice as mediators of the effects of acknowledgement and denial of responsibility on intergroup outcomes. We draw implications for theory and for strategies to address past victimization across different contexts of conflict.

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Obstacles to reconciliation and forgiveness among victim groups of unacknowledged past trauma and genocide

Uluğ

Bilali

Karasu

et al. 2021

Euro J Social Psych

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Groups in conflict often resist efforts toward reconciliation with the outgroups. Despite the growing research examining processes underlying support for reconciliation, we know little about how resentment might drive members of victim groups that have experienced violence and atrocities to oppose reconciliation and reduce their willingness to forgive the perpetrator group. Using the context of the Turkish–Armenian conflict, the present research investigated the association of ingroup identification, ingroup glorification, and resentment with willingness to reconcile and forgive among Armenians in their homeland context (Armenia; Study 1) and Armenian‐Americans in the hostland context (the United States; Study 2). In Study 1, stronger Armenian identification and Armenian glorification predicted more resentment toward the Turks, which in turn predicted less forgiveness and less support for reconciliation. Study 2 replicated the findings of Study 1 regarding the associations of ingroup glorification but not ingroup identification. However, Study 2 also demonstrated that identification with diaspora identity (i.e., American identity) predicted positive intergroup outcomes. Results point to the important relationship between different modes of identification both in the homeland and in hostland countries and intergroup‐related outcomes through resentment, and to the obstacles to reconciliation and forgiveness among victim groups of unacknowledged past trauma and genocide.

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Coping with ottoman turkish genocide: An exploration of the experience of armenian survivors

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

The impact of intergenerational transmission of trauma from the Holodomor Genocide of 1932-1933 in Ukraine

The impact of intergenerational transmission of trauma from the Holodomor Genocide of 1932-1933 in Ukraine

The impact of acknowledgement and denial of responsibility for harm on victim groups' perceptions of justice, power, and intergroup attitudes

Obstacles to reconciliation and forgiveness among victim groups of unacknowledged past trauma and genocide

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