Background Traditional approaches to safety management in health care have focused primarily on counting errors and understanding how things go wrong. Resilient Health Care (RHC) provides an alternative complementary perspective of learning from incidents and understanding how, most of the time, work is safe. The aim of this review was to identify how RHC was conceptualised, described and interpreted, to describe the methods used to study, and to identify factors that develop RHC. Methods Electronic searches of PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases were performed to identify relevant peer-reviewed studies, and a hand search for studies published in books that explained how RHC as a concept was interpreted, methods used to study, and factors to develop RHC. Studies were evaluated independently by two researchers. Data was synthesised using a deductive thematic approach. Results Twenty-seven studies were included; they shared similar descriptions of RHC which was the ability to adjust its functioning prior to, during, or following events and thereby sustain required operations under both expected and unexpected conditions. Qualitative methods such as observations and interviews were used to study RHC. Models for studying RHC currently exist and were in the early stages of implementation. Effective team relationships, trade-offs and healthcare ‘resilience’ training of health care professionals were factors used to develop RHC. Conclusions Although there was consistency in the conceptualisation of RHC, methods used to study and factors to develop RHC, further research should focus on operationalising RHC assessment methods and developing, testing and evaluating interventions for developing RHC.