Copolymerization of isoprene and hydroxyl containing monomers by controlled radical and emulsion methods

Gramlich, William M.; Theryo, Grayce

doi:10.1039/c2py20072d

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…[437] The RAFT copolymerization of Ip with hydroxy-functional monomers, HEMA, HEA, and 394 (Chart 3), with trithiocarbonate (123) has been explored. [396] Diels Alder reaction of Ip with the (meth)acrylates was observed as a side reaction. The (meth) acrylates are consumed preferentially to Ip.…”

Section: Diene Monomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study on the use of benzyl and t-butyl trithiocarbonate and dithiobenzoate RAFT agents for VAc polymerization has 334 [385] 335 [540] 336 [429] 337 [202] 338 [242] 339 [262] 340 [317] Solketal acrylate 350 [311] 347 [344] 346 [344] 343 n ϭ 1 [234] 343 n ϭ 2 [196] 345 n ϭ 4 [362] 351 [297] 342 [196] 341 [428] 348 [311] 349 [311] 394 [396] Chart 3.…”

Section: Vinyl Monomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C 12 H 25 S S S I* [388] 306 [389] DMAm [326,[390][391][392] (DMAm) [326] St [370] St [393] PFS [200] 4VP [200,394] 390 [395] Ip [396] 394 [396] AA [397] NIPAm [367,392,398] NVC [387] (NVP) [399] PAA/NIPAm [189] AA/ PEGA [234,400] (tBMA/DMAEMA/290) [175] HEA/PEGA [401] PA/PEGA [401] AA-b-St [393] St/406 [402] HEMA/Ip [396] HEA/Ip [396] Ip/ 394 [396] AA/PEGA-b-343 [234] AA/PEGA-bSt [400] DMAm/296 [390] DMAm/PFS [169] 306-b-St [389] HADA/MADA/NLAA [403] HADM/ MADM/NLAM [403] AA/PEGA-b-344 [362] AAb-St [397] DMAm-b-NIPAm [390] DMAm/296-b-NIPAm [390] DMAm-b-NIPAm/296 [390] DMAm/296-b-NIPAm/296 [390] NIPAm-bDMAEAm [367] PFS-b-PFPVS …”

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confidence: 99%

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Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process – A Third Update

2012

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This paper provides a third update to the review of reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(¼S)SR) by a mechanism of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer ( Chem. 2009Chem. , 62, 1402. This review cites over 700 publications that appeared during the period mid 2009 to early 2012 covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization which include reagent synthesis and properties, kinetics and mechanism of polymerization, novel polymer syntheses, and a diverse range of applications. This period has witnessed further significant developments, particularly in the areas of novel RAFT agents, techniques for end-group transformation, the production of micro/nanoparticles and modified surfaces, and biopolymer conjugates both for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

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Section: Diene Monomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vinyl Monomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process – A Third Update

2012

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“…Isoprene (IP) polymerizations may lead to various configurations in the polymer, which, for example, affects crystallinity and the glass transition temperature, T G , of the material. Another way of affecting T G is to copolymerize IP with a polar monomer, e.g., such as glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) 1,2. Moreover, complex copolymer structures such as di‐, tri‐, and multiblock copolymers are considered, for example, because of their phase behavior and mechanical properties 3…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation Kinetics of Isoprene Radical Homopolymerization Derived from Pulsed Laser Initiated Polymerizations

Büren

Brandl

Beuermann

2019

Macro Reaction Engineering

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The propagation kinetics of isoprene radical polymerizations in bulk and in solution are investigated via pulsed laser initiated polymerizations and subsequent polymer analyses via size‐exclusion chromatography, the PLP‐SEC method. Because of low polymerization rate and high volatility of isoprene, the polymerizations are carried out at elevated pressure ranging from 134 to 1320 bar. The temperatures are varied between 55 and 105 °C. PLP‐SEC yields activation parameters of kp (Arrhenius parameters and activation volume) over a wide temperature and pressure range that allow for the calculation of kp at technically relevant ambient pressure conditions. The kp values determined are very low, e.g., 99 L mol−1 s−1 at 50 °C, which is even lower than the corresponding value for styrene polymerizations. The presence of a polar solvent results in a slight increase of kp compared to the bulk system. The kp values reported are important for determining rate coefficients of other elemental reactions from coupled parameters as well as for modeling isoprene free‐radical polymerizations and reversible deactivation radical polymerization with respect to tailored polymer properties and optimizing the polymerization processes.

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“…One drawback to this approach was that the conjugation reaction was slow (100–400 h) and required multiple steps to yield the final macroinitiator. To develop a procedure to yield a PI macroinitiator through one step, we investigated the copolymerization of isoprene with monomers that had a pendent primary hydroxyl group …”

Section: Renewably Sourced Pla Graft Copolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toughening Polylactide with Phase‐Separating Complex Copolymer Architectures

Gramlich

2014

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Polylactide (PLA) is a commercially produced potentially sustainable plastic that holds promise to replace petroleum‐sourced materials. Unfortunately, the brittle nature of PLA limits its current utility to disposable packaging. Melt blends of PLA and a rubbery material can rubber toughen the plastic, but often require the addition of a compatibilizer and generate opaque materials. Current efforts explore using block and graft copolymers with a majority PLA block and minority rubbery block that phase separate on the nanometer length scale to rubber toughen PLA. With these complex architectures, the polymer matrix, the minor rubbery component, and the compatibilizer are present in one molecule. Many block and graft copolymers rely on non‐sustainable rubbery blocks, which limits the sustainability of these materials. Recent work has utilized polyisoprene (PI) as the sustainable backbone for PLA graft copolymers. Post‐polymerization functionalization and copolymerization of PI provides a method to create fully sustainable PLA/PI graft copolymers that phase separate on the nanometer‐scale to make potentially tough, sustainable plastics.

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Copolymerization of isoprene and hydroxyl containing monomers by controlled radical and emulsion methods

Cited by 24 publications

References 51 publications

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process – A Third Update

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process – A Third Update

Propagation Kinetics of Isoprene Radical Homopolymerization Derived from Pulsed Laser Initiated Polymerizations

Toughening Polylactide with Phase‐Separating Complex Copolymer Architectures

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