Copolymerization of Styrene and Pentadecylphenylmethacrylate (PDPMA): Synthesis, Characterization, Thermomechanical and Adhesion Properties

Joseph, Tomy; Nair, Sumi Murali; Suresh, K.; Haponiuk, Józef T.; Thomas, Sabu

doi:10.3390/polym12010097

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The average reactivity ratios of the two monomers are calculated as r (MMA) = 0.171 and r (2-ADCA) = 0.724, respectively, with r (MMA) r (2-ADCA) = 0.124, via Fineman–Ross, Mayo–Lewis, and Kelen–Tudos methods as well as curve fitting procedure (Table S3 and Figure S7). , This indicates that the copolymerization of MMA with 2-ADCA is nonideal random copolymerization, and the copolymerization tendency is greater than the self-polymerization tendency for them. As reported, , the reactivity ratios of n -butyl α-bromoacrylate (BBA) and n -butyl acrylate ( n BA) were determined as 9.77 and 0.24, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

SaBOX/Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis, Degradation, and Upcycling of a PMMA-Based Copolymer

Ma,

Zhao,

Yang

et al. 2023

Macromolecules

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The development of sustainable vinyl polymers that can be chemically recycled or upcycled is highly required but very challenging. Herein, we report the efficient synthesis, degradation, and upcycling of a high-molecular-weight PMMA-based copolymer completely made of a C−C-bonded backbone enabled by the same catalytic system (SaBOX/copper) under mild conditions for the first time. The atom transfer radical copolymerization (ATRcP) of MMA with α-chloroacrylate is conducted at 30 °C by the catalyst, producing linear PMMA with C−Cl bonds, which are thermally stable below 200 °C with T g of 126 °C, exhibiting the thermophysical properties of commodity PMMA. At a higher temperature (≥65 °C), the catalyst could stimulate degradation at the position of the C−Cl bond, and the polymer chain is cleaved to give telechelic PMMA blocks with functional terminals. Remarkably, these blocks could be employed to readily prepare their parent copolymer, linear block copolymer, or novel branched block copolymer in the presence of a catalyst, realizing the chemical upcycling of a PMMA-based copolymer. Above all, catalysis plays a decisive role in these achievements, and strong catalyst effects are observed in the synthesis of degradable polymers, the degradation reactions, the structure of degradation products, and thus their upcycling. The SaBOX/copper catalytic system shows significant superiority over the copper catalysts commonly used in the literature.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

SaBOX/Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis, Degradation, and Upcycling of a PMMA-Based Copolymer

Ma,

Zhao,

Yang

et al. 2023

Macromolecules

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“…Styrene–nadic anhydride copolymers of varying compositions were prepared as per above procedure (Scheme 1) and copolymer composition was obtained from acid value. The reactivity ratios were calculated using the methods of Fineman–Ross (F–R), Kelen–Tüdös (K–T), and extended Kelen–Tüdös (E‐K–T) 14‐16 . The plots are shown in Figure 1 and copolymerization data are given in Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copolymerization of nadic anhydride with styrene: Reactivity ratios

Jeemol

Mathew

Nair

2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The free radical copolymerization of nadic anhydride (NA) and styrene (St) at 80°C has been investigated for the first time. The copolymerization was done in toluene using benzoyl peroxide as initiator. The monomer reactivity ratios were calculated from the copolymer composition (estimated from the acid value) by using Fineman–Ross, Kelen–Tüdös, and Extended Kelen–Tüdös methods. The reactivity ratios (rNA, = 0.34, rST = 0.84) implied a good copolymerizability for the monomer pair and existence of an azeotropic composition at fNA = 0.195. The unsaturation in nadic anhydride exhibited good copolymerizability despite the fact that the double bond is isolated and allylic in nature. The usual retardation by the allylic protons was not significantly felt in this case, as the allylic protons were located at a bridge head posing geometric restrictions for stabilization of the allylic free radicals. However, an increase in concentration of NA in the feed decreased the overall rate of copolymerization. Based on the reactivity ratio, the probability for formation of sequences of NA in its copolymer with styrene was computed for a few compositions.

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“…Long-chain lightweight polymers offer opportunities for various applications by improving impact strength and stiffness [1][2][3][4][5]. Polymer matrix composites, made from rigid fillers, offer soft, flexible polymer matrices with high toughness due to their easy composition and structural components [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nanofillers and Synergistic Action of Carbon Black/Nanoclay Hybrid Fillers in Chlorobutyl Rubber

Joseph,

Maria,

Thomas

et al. 2024

J. Compos. Sci.

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Nanocomposites based on chlorobutyl rubber (CIIR) have been made using a variety of nanofillers such as carbon black (CB), nanoclay (NC), graphene oxide (GO), and carbon black/nanoclay hybrid filler systems. The hybrid combinations of CB/nanoclay are being employed in the research to examine the additive impacts on the final characteristics of nanocomposites. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), together with resistivity values and mechanical property measurements, have been used to characterise the structural composition of CIIR-based nanocomposites. AFM results indicate that the addition of nanoclay into CIIR increased the surface roughness of the material, which made the material more adhesive. The study found a significant decrease in resistivity in CIIR–nanoclay-based composites and hybrid compositions with nanoclay and CB. The higher resistivity in CB composites, compared to CB/nanoclay, suggests that nanoclay enhances the conductive network of carbon black. However, GO-incorporated composites failed to create conductive networks, which this may have been due to the agglomeration. The study also found that the modulus values at 100%, 200%, and 300% elongation are the highest for clay and CB/clay systems. The findings show that nanocomposites, particularly clay and clay/CB hybrid nanocomposites, may produce polymer nanocomposites with high electrical conductivity. Mechanical properties correlated well with the reinforcement provided by nanoclay. Hybrid nanocomposites with clay/CB had increased mechanical properties because of their enhanced compatibility and higher filler–rubber interaction. Nano-dispersed clay helps prevent fracture growth and enhances mechanical properties even more so than CB.

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Copolymerization of Styrene and Pentadecylphenylmethacrylate (PDPMA): Synthesis, Characterization, Thermomechanical and Adhesion Properties

Cited by 10 publications

References 48 publications

SaBOX/Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis, Degradation, and Upcycling of a PMMA-Based Copolymer

SaBOX/Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis, Degradation, and Upcycling of a PMMA-Based Copolymer

Copolymerization of nadic anhydride with styrene: Reactivity ratios

Effects of Nanofillers and Synergistic Action of Carbon Black/Nanoclay Hybrid Fillers in Chlorobutyl Rubber

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