Copper

Abstract

Copper and its various alloys are used in industrial and consumer applications because of its high electrical and thermal conductivities, wear and corrosion resistance, and mechanical and aesthetic properties. Pure copper is most often produced by electrofining. Sulfuric acid is a principal by‐product of copper smelting. These various copper minerals, mining, ore treatment, and refining are discussed. as are the chemical reactions specific to these processes. Copper is vital to every industrial sector. World and U.S. production is discussed. Uses of copper and alloys mill products can be broken down into five principal markets: building construction, electrical and electronics products, transportation, consumer products and industrial machinery. Copper and its alloys are considered strategic materials essential to the U.S. economy and national defense. Copper is and essential trace element required for human metabolism.