Copper and lead accumulation in common carp females during long-term dietary exposure to these metals in pond conditions

Abstract

The aim of the research was to observe the process of copper and lead accumulation in tissues of adult females of the common carp, during a long-time (3 years) dietary exposure to these metals in pond conditions. The fish were divided into 3 groups, which were fed with control pellets (control group) and pellets contaminated with lead (group Pb, 68.4 mg Pb kg À1 dry weight) or copper (group Cu, 153.1 mg Cu kg À1 ) for three exposure periods: the first, the second and the third vegetation seasons.Quite a different profile of tissue metal accumulation was observed for copper and for lead in female carps. Copper accumulates mainly in the liver (205.4 AE 35.2 mg kg À1 ), reaching values 70 times higher than in control, and 300 times higher than in some other tissues, while lead accumulated mainly in the kidney (1.7 AE 0.25 mg kg À1 ) and intestine (2.2 AE 0.2 mg kg À1 ). Even when exposed to Cu or Pb for three consecutive seasons, the carps studied did not accumulate these metals in the muscles at the level dangerous for human health in case of ingestion.

Dietary copper requirement of fingerlingHeteropneustes fossilisfor formulating copper‐balanced commercial feeds

“…Only bioavailable forms of copper are considered to be toxic to exposed organisms. Toxic effects and reduced weight were recorded in H. fossilis that were fed diets containing higher than optimum levels of copper which are in accordance with other studies on olive flounder (Kim, Jang, Lee, & Kim, ); Indian flying barb (Das & Gupta, ); beluga (Mohseni et al, ); common carp (Luszczek‐Trojnar, Sionkowski, Drazg‐Kozak, & Popek, ); and spotted snakehead (Hameid et al, ). Recent studies indicate that the Cu uptake efficiency is similar for diet and water (Clearwater et al, ).…”

“…Tang et al () also recorded reduced amount of iron in muscles and intestine of hybrid tilapia when excess dietary copper levels were fed. Copper is known to affect the iron absorption (Linder et al, ; Luszczek‐Trojnar et al, ). The improved ceruloplasmin activity in fish fed diets Cu1 to Cu4 in present study indicates that Fe absorption was enhanced as the dietary copper level reached to optimum, while a decline in ceruloplasmin activity at higher levels (Cu6 and Cu7) may be due to reduced Fe absorption.…”

Effects of Aquaculture on Lakes in the Central Yangtze River Basin, China, III: Heavy Metals

“…; Łuszczek‐Trojnar et al. ). In our study, the operation of the HIGH lakes was similar to intensive pond aquaculture (e.g., small area, high stocking density, and high feed and fertilizer inputs), which could potentially contribute to the higher concentrations of heavy metals in the water.…”

“…; Łuszczek‐Trojnar et al. ), and fish feces in intensive fish culture systems are the main sources of Zn, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, and other elements in water (Pang et al. ).…”

“…Major sources of heavy metals from aquaculture include uneaten feeds, fertilizers, and chemicals used during production (Liu 2013;Łuszczek-Trojnar et al 2016). These materials are introduced into the water column and over time will result in increased concentrations of heavy metals in the water (Morata et al 2015).…”