Copper and Zinc, Biological Role and Significance of Copper/Zinc Imbalance

Osredkar, Joško

doi:10.4172/2161-0495.s3-001

Cited by 442 publications

(398 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Among microelements, Zn is vital for regulating enzyme activity, the protein and membrane stabilization; it is a component of Zn finger, a major structural motif critical for DNA binding (Tavallali et al 2009). Zinc is a cofactor of over 300 enzymes and associated proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism, nucleic acid and protein synthesis, as well as cell division (Osredkar and Sustar 2011;Singh et al 2015). Moreover, Zn can impart stress tolerance through the formation of Cu/Zn-SOD, a major antioxidant (Ahmad et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc application mitigates the adverse effects of NaCl stress on mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss] through modulating compatible organic solutes, antioxidant enzymes, and flavonoid content

Ahmad

Ahanger

Alyemeni

et al. 2017

Journal of Plant Interactions

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc application mitigates the adverse effects of NaCl stress on mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss] through modulating compatible organic solutes, antioxidant enzymes, and flavonoid content

Ahmad

Ahanger

Alyemeni

et al. 2017

Journal of Plant Interactions

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“…For instance, supplementation with a high manganese diet exacerbated magnesium deficiency and death in animals fed a high manganese-low magnesium diet compared with animals fed a low manganese-magnesium deficient diet [183]. Furthermore, it is the ratio of copper to zinc in the zinc-copper superoxide dismutase-1 enzyme complex, rather than the absolute amount of copper or zinc, that provides the enzyme complex with higher superoxide scavenging potential and more efficient anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects [184]. In support of this view, Reunanen et al, [185], in a study evaluating the association of serum calcium, magnesium, copper, and zinc concentrations with cardiovascular mortality, reported a higher risk of CHD with the higher risk of CHD-related mortality among those treated with the highest and lowest tertiles of serum copper and zinc.…”

Section: Micronutrient Combination/interaction and Effect On Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronutrient Vitamin Deficiencies and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Advancing Current Understanding

Ekpenyong¹

2017

EJPM

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Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for one-third of all deaths in the world. Several factors contribute to the current trend including micronutrient vitamin deficiencies (MVDs), however, opinions regarding the role of MVDs in CVDs are inconsistent; this could impact on micronutrient vitamins intake. The aim of this review was to provide a brief overview of published evidence on the associations between MVDs and CVDs, assess the interactions between micronutrients and cardiovascular endpoints, and identify current related research needs. Literature search conducted on studies published between 1963 and 2016 indicates that MVDs are common and are related to adverse cardiovascular endpoints through various mechanisms, including impaired antioxidant and immune response mechanisms; and anti-inflammatory activities. Some micronutrients directly impact on CVDs; others act as critical cofactors in several biochemical processes. Several methodologic flaws, environmental and individual susceptibility factors, lack of determination of baseline serum levels of complementary micronutrients, absence of uniformly accepted cut-off values, and interactions between micronutrients may partly account for discordant results across studies. Although MVD is a significant risk factor for CVDs, supplementation with single or paired micronutrients for primary prevention of CVDs in healthy adults with no special nutritional needs is discouraged; there is insufficient evidence to determine the benefit/harm of such supplementation.

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“…Zinc is required for proper sense of taste and smell and supports normal growth and development during pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence [55]. There are claims of Zinc having antioxidant properties, which may protect against accelerated aging and helps speed up the healing process after an injury; however, studies differ as to its effectiveness [54]. There was a degree of consistency from the results of the bulk chemical analysis with those of the mineral analyses of the bulk soils ( Table 5).…”

Section: Physico-chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, it is required during immune function, wound healing, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis and cell division. Zinc ions are effective antimicrobial agents even at low concentrations [54]. Zinc is required for proper sense of taste and smell and supports normal growth and development during pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence [55].…”

Section: Physico-chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical Profile of Geophagic Clayey Soils Sold in Selected South African Informal Markets

2016

International Conference on Advances in Science, Engineering, Technology and Natural Resources (ICASETNR-16) Nov. 24-25, 2016 P

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Abstract-Geophagia, the intentional ingestion of clayey soil has both useful and negative health effects on humans due to the biomass, physicochemical, mineralogical and geochemical composition of the gritty material. In a few circumstances, clayey soil is viewed as a supplement to health deficiencies resulting from a less than stellar eating routine. Geophagy has been of interest to researchers and analysts due to continued habitual, religious and cultural practices by diverse communities globally in spite of reports contraindicating its purported benefits. The gritty material remains a thing of interest considering the nature in which they are obtained, transported and stored. Six geophagic clayey soil samples were obtained from chosen casual markets in South Africa. Four of these samples were originally from around South Africa and two were originally from Nigeria. The samples were analysed and characterised utilizing XRF, XRD, pH, and electrical conductivity to survey the nutritious qualities that support the continued use by mostly females and pregnant ladies in various parts of South Africa. Results of the XRD analysis revealed that the clay materials were mainly composed of kaolinite with minor palygorskite, illite, Amesite, Gupeite, Hematite and Magnetite. Quartz was the major non-clay constituent identified. Results of the XRF analysis showed average values of major elements such as SiO 2 (54.02%), Al 2 O 3 (35.45%), Fe 2 O 3 (6.73%), K 2 O (2.76%), MgO (1.16%) with MnO, Na 2 O and P 2 O 5 falling below 0.5%. Titanium was a major heavy metal identified from the samples which may result in heavy metal toxicity. The potential medicinal application of these clayey soils is supported by their kaolinite contents; in contrast the trace elements are pointers of probable adverse effects on humans.

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Copper and Zinc, Biological Role and Significance of Copper/Zinc Imbalance

Abstract: Jour n a l o f C linical T o x ic o log y

Cited by 442 publications

References 158 publications

Zinc application mitigates the adverse effects of NaCl stress on mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss] through modulating compatible organic solutes, antioxidant enzymes, and flavonoid content

Zinc application mitigates the adverse effects of NaCl stress on mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss] through modulating compatible organic solutes, antioxidant enzymes, and flavonoid content

Micronutrient Vitamin Deficiencies and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Advancing Current Understanding

Mineralogical Profile of Geophagic Clayey Soils Sold in Selected South African Informal Markets

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