Copper-based electro-catalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia from water: Mechanism, preparation, and research directions

Enhancing Efficiency of Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia by Fe and Co Nanoparticles Based Bimetallic Electrocatalyst

“…The current rise is most evident in the studied potential region for Fe(5min)@Co(30min)/C and Fe(30min)/C. According to the literature, several reduction peaks on LsV correspond to the sequential reduction of nitrate to ammonia via intermediates [18,19]. For Fe(30min)/C, it can be assumed that the part of the current that contributes to side reactions (nitrogen release and HER) reduces, respectively, the ammonia yield in terms of the FE value.…”

“…Spectrophotometry, ion chromatography, 1 H NMR spectroscopy, enzymatic, fluorometric methods, the use of ion-selective electrodes, conductivity, and titrimetric methods are used for this purpose [9]. Linear voltammetry (LsV) in a solution containing nitrate ions is used to determine the intermediate stages of reduction, evaluate the reaction efficiency and catalyst stability [19,20].…”

“…Noble metals (Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru) as catalyst-electrodes have been mainly investigated to establish the mechanism [7], since they show weak adsorption and low rate of nitrate reduction and significant contribution of HER. In terms of efficiency and cost, Cu-and Co-based catalysts are of interest [19,21].…”

“…Copper, its alloys with Fe, Co, Ni and noble metals, copper oxides, Cu single atom catalysts were reviewed [19]. Cu SAC achieved a maximum conversion of NH3.…”

Boron Regulated Fe Single-Atom Structures for Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia

“…Ammonia (NH 3 ) is a versatile chemical raw material widely used in fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, energy storage, and other fields. The current demand for NH 3 is rapidly increasing, exceeding 160 million tons annually. − Until now, the primary industrial method for ammonia production is the Haber–Bosch process. However, the Haber–Bosch process not only requires fossil fuels to participate in the reaction but also has stringent operating conditions that need to be conducted under high temperature and pressure, resulting in significant CO 2 emissions. , Therefore, the development of a new, low-energy-consumption and pollution-free method for NH 3 production is urgently needed.…”