Copper cables: Should they be phased out as last mile broadband solutions?

Internets: The Changing Role of Internet Protocols in Evolving Broadband Technologies

“…As these scholars argue, this invisible infrastructure is paramount to international data flow and the benefits of a network economy (Crawford, 2018;Middleton, 2016). Others' opinions differ about which infrastructures should even be used for connecting citizens, arguing for extending the bandwidth, for example, of copper cables due to economic factors of physical telecommunications infrastructure implementation (Kateeb et al, 2013). Glimstedt and Zander (2003), in their analysis of Sweden's telecommunications and internet economy history, however, found that their country was able to adopt TCP/IP (i.e., the internet) because increased developments in fibre optic cables in Europe were apparent.…”